Systems and methods for providing food intervention and tenderization

ABSTRACT

Systems and methods for providing food intervention, pumping up, and tenderization are discussed. While such systems can include any suitable component, in some cases, they include a needleless spray nozzle head that injects injectade into food without requiring the head to contact the food. In some cases, the head comprises an elongated needleless spray bar that defines multiple internal fluid channels that extend from a first end to a second end of the spray bar. In some cases, the head comprises a manifold system with a first manifold portion at the first end and a second manifold portion at the second end of the spray bar. In some cases, the first manifold portion directs the injectade towards the second end, and the second manifold portion directs the injectade towards the first end of the elongated needleless spray bar. Other implementations are described.

RELATED APPLICATIONS

This is a continuation of and claims priority to U.S. patent application Ser. No. 16/120,089, filed on Aug. 31, 2018, and entitled “SYSTEMS AND METHODS FOR PROVIDING FOOD INTERVENTION AND TENDERIZATION”, which claims priority to U.S. patent application Ser. No. 15/161,005, filed on May 20, 2016, and entitled “SYSTEMS AND METHODS FOR PROVIDING FOOD INTERVENTION AND TENDERIZATION”, which claims priority to U.S. Provisional Patent Application Ser. No. 62/165,845, filed May 22, 2015, and entitled “SYSTEMS AND METHODS FOR PROVIDING FOOD INTERVENTION AND TENDERIZATION”, as well as to U.S. Provisional Patent Application Ser. No. 62/198,975, filed Jul. 30, 2015, and entitled “SYSTEMS AND METHODS FOR PROVIDING FOOD INTERVENTION AND TENDERIZATION”; the entire disclosures of which are incorporated herein by reference.

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION Field of the Invention

The present invention relates to food treatment. More particularly, some implementations of the described invention relate to systems and methods for injecting (and/or otherwise applying) an injectate to a food product to tenderize, limit microbial growth in (or provide intervention to), color, flavor, freeze, chill, increase a weight of, pump up, provide uptake to, improve a value of, and/or otherwise treat the food product.

Background and Related Art

Some foods (such as some cuts of meat) can have a relatively large amount of connective tissue and can otherwise be relatively hard to cut and tough to chew. Additionally, many foods can contain (or be covered with) bacteria, viruses, parasites, microbes, debris, and/or other pathogens that can make their consumption undesirable and even dangerous. In one example of how some foods become contaminated with such pathogens, as many meats, cheeses, types of produce, and other foods are cut before being sold, the exposed surfaces of some such foods can come in contact with and/or otherwise become contaminated with bacteria, fungi, microbes, and/or other pathogens. In another example, as many foods are grown, raised, and/or harvested, they are exposed to environmental factors (such as feces; environmental parasites, protozoa, and other contaminants; dirty hands, equipment, and machinery; and a variety of other pathogen sources) that cause the foods to become contaminated.

In an effort to make some relatively tough foods more readily edible and even desirable and/or to reduce pathogen contamination in some foods, many people have developed a variety of food treatment techniques. For instance, in order to tenderize some foods, several techniques exist for providing mechanical tenderization (such as pounding meat with a meat mallet, vacuum tumbling, or otherwise), thermal tenderization (such as slow cooking meat at a relatively low temperature), and enzymatic tenderization (such as marinating a piece of meat in enzymes that are configured to break down collagen and other connective tissue). Furthermore, to reduce pathogen contamination in food, many practices have been developed, including the practice of exposing food to ionizing radiation, exposing the food to one or more preservatives, processing the food with a retort, using pressure cooking to treat the food, treating the food through high pressure processing (or HPP), cooking foods until they are “well done”, and washing foods with a decontaminant.

Although current systems and methods for tenderizing and/or decontaminating foods may provide a variety of benefits, such systems and methods are not necessarily without their shortcomings. In one example of such a shortcoming, while some methods for tenderizing meat do break down connective tissues in the meat, such methods can further break down, smash, cut, puncture, dissolve, and otherwise leave the meat with an unappetizing appearance, texture, taste, or other characteristic. In another example, in some instances in which one or more needles are stabbed into a piece of food to allow a tenderizing agent to be injected into the food, the needles can be a means of passing contamination to the food they are used to tenderize. Additionally, in this example, the needles can be stabbed into bones, where they can break off pieces of the bones, or become plugged with the bones, tendons, and/or other connective tissue. Similarly, in some methods for decontaminating foods, the foods are: visibly damaged (for instance, through the use of the needles discussed above), only partially decontaminated (for instance, cleaned on the outside but not on the inside), subjected to radiation treatments, and/or are otherwise cleaned in a manner that lessens the food's appeal to consumers.

Thus, while systems and methods currently exist that are used to tenderize, pump up, and/or decontaminate foods, challenges still exist, including those listed above. Accordingly, it would be an improvement in the art to augment or even replace current techniques with other techniques.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

The present invention relates to systems and methods for treating food products. More particularly, some implementations relate to systems and methods for injecting (and/or otherwise applying) an injectate to a food product to: tenderize, limit microbial growth in (or provide intervention to), color, flavor, freeze, chill, preserve, increase a weight of, modify a density of, improve an aesthetic appearance of, change a texture of, change a moisture content of, pump up, change a nutrient content of, and/or to otherwise treat the food product. While the described systems and methods can include any suitable component, in some cases, they include an injectate reservoir; a filter; a first pump (or an injection pump) configured to force injectate from the injectate reservoir through the filter, through a pressure regulator, and to a nozzle (e.g., and/or a set of nozzles on a nozzle head) that is configured to inject injectate into a food product without having the nozzle contact the food; and a nozzle dwell time valve (also referred to as a shot valve) that is configured to selectively open and close to regulate when and how much of the injectate that passes through the filter is forced out of the nozzle.

In some cases, the described system further includes at least one of a chiller configured to cool injectate in the reservoir, a sensor configured to determine a distance between the nozzle and the food item (or vice versa), an actuator and/or any other suitable mechanical movement device configured to move the nozzle into proximity with the food product (and/or to move the food product into proximity with the nozzle), and/or a computer processor that controls an amount of injectate sprayed from the nozzle.

In some other implementations, the described food product treatment system comprises an injectate reservoir; a filter; a first pump configured to force injectate from the injectate reservoir through the filter; an injection nozzle, a pulsation nozzle, a continuous cleaning nozzle, and/or any other suitable spray nozzle that is configured to inject the injectate into (and/or to otherwise apply the injectate to) a food product without requiring the spray nozzle (or a portion thereof, such as a needle) to contact the food product; a valve that is configured to selectively open and close to regulate when and how much of the injectate is sprayed from the nozzle; a conduit system configured to pass the injectate from the reservoir, through the filter, and out of the spray nozzle; a chamber that is configured to contain the food product as the injectate is sprayed from the spray nozzle into the food product; and/or a demister that is configured to draw water vapor from within the chamber.

In still other implementations, the described systems include an injectate reservoir configured to cool injectate disposed therein (e.g., via one or more glycol chillers, chilled conduits, refrigeration systems, liquid cooling systems (such as liquid to liquid, closed loop dry, closed-loop dry system with trim cooling, open-loop evaporative, closed-loop evaporative, chilled water, fans, and/or other liquid cooling systems), and/or any other suitable cooling system); a filter; a spray nozzle that is configured to inject injectate into a food product without requiring a portion of the spray nozzle to contact the food product; a first pump configured to force the injectate from the injectate reservoir through the filter and to the spray nozzle; a valve that is configured to selectively open and close to regulate when and how much of the injectate is forced out of the nozzle; a chamber that is configured to contain the food product as the injectate is sprayed from the spray nozzle into the food product; a first pressure sensor configured to measure pressure of the injectate prior to passing the valve; a second pressure sensor configured to measure pressure of the injectate after passing the valve and before being forced from the spray nozzle; a demister that is configured to draw vapor from within the chamber; and a computer processor, wherein the processor is configured to control when and how much of the injectate is forced out of the nozzle.

In some implementations, a set of nozzles are disposed at a nozzle head in the system. While such a nozzle head can have any suitable component or characteristic that allows it to apply (e.g., inject) injectate to a food product, in some implementations, the head comprises one or more channels, orifices, jets, and/or other conduits that direct injectate (and/or any other suitable fluid) to the nozzles, with one or more risers extending from, and in fluid communication with, the channels. In this regard, the risers can comprise any channel, recess, tubing, piping, and/or other feature that allows one or more gases (e.g., air) that are introduced into the nozzle head with the injectate to rise above the injectate in the channel and be vented out (e.g., to: ambient air, the injectate tank, a drain, etc.) of the nozzle head without being forced through one or more nozzles. Additionally, while the risers can be disposed in any suitable portion of the heads, in some embodiments, they are disposed at a far end of the head (e.g., near an exit end or otherwise). Accordingly, in some implementations, by allowing air to vent from one or more channels in the nozzle head, the nozzle head is configured to deliver a consistent and predicable amount of injectate.

The nozzle head can comprise any suitable characteristic. Indeed, the nozzle head and/or nozzle manifold can comprise any suitable number of nozzles, in any suitable configuration. In some cases, for instance, the nozzle head: comprises a single row of nozzles, comprises multiple rows of nozzles, receives injectate from a single inlet, receives injectate from multiple inlets (e.g., inlets on opposite sides of the nozzle and/or in any other suitable location), is configured to vibrate to clean the head, is configured to be self-cleaning, and/or otherwise comprises any characteristic that allows it to apply injectate to one or more food products. Indeed, in some implementations, the nozzle head comprises multiple rows of nozzles, and the nozzle head receives injectate from two substantially opposite portions of the head (e.g., to increase injectate flow, to increase the response time needed for the injectate to be applied through the nozzles after one or more corresponding valves are opened, and/or for any other suitable purpose).

The described systems and methods can include any suitable number of nozzle heads and/or nozzle manifolds that allow the system to function, including, without limitation, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, or more. Additionally, while each of the nozzle heads or manifolds can comprise one nozzle, in some embodiments, each nozzle head comprises more than one nozzle (e.g., between about 2 and about 10,000 nozzles, or any subrange thereof). Indeed, in some cases, a nozzle head comprises between about 20 and about 600 nozzles (e.g., about 400 nozzles ±50 nozzles).

In some implementations, one nozzle head is configured to spray and/or otherwise apply injectate on or to one side of a food product. In some other implementations, the described system comprises at least two nozzle heads that are configured to apply injectate onto and/or into different surfaces of a food product. In some such implementations, the described system comprises a first nozzle head that is configured to spray a first surface (e.g., a top surface) of a food product, and a second nozzle head that is configured to spray a second surface (e.g., a bottom surface) of the food product. In this regard, the two nozzle heads can inject and/or otherwise apply injectate to the food product in any suitable manner, including, without limitation, as the food product is hung and moves past the nozzle heads (e.g., via a meat hook, a clip, a basket, and/or any other suitable method), as the nozzles are moved past the food product, as the food product moves past the nozzles on a conveyor belt, a spinning platform, a moving surface, and/or any other suitable food product transport (or food transport system, food transport, or variations thereof).

In some implementations in which the described system comprises at least two nozzle heads to apply injectate to two different portions of food product, the first nozzle head is disposed on a first side of a food transport (e.g., a top surface of a conveyor belt, a rotating table, a moving surface, and/or any other suitable surface that is configured to support the food product), while the second nozzle head is disposed on a second, opposite side of the food transport. In some such implementations, the second nozzle head is configured to spray and/or otherwise force injectate through the food transport. For instance, in some cases, the food transport comprises a wire belt, a chain conveyor belt, a pintle chain, a perforated conveyor belt (or a conveyor belt having openings in it), a perforated rotating surface (or a rotating surface having openings in it), a mesh conveyor, a mesh surface, a weave belt, and/or any other suitable food transport that allows the second nozzle head to spray (and/or otherwise apply) injectate through the food transport and to a food product resting on the transport.

In some implementations in which the food transport comprises a belt (e.g., a conveyor belt and/or any other suitable belt system), the belt is configured to snake, bend, and/or otherwise be disposed under and/or to a side of the first and/or second nozzle heads. In some other implementations, in which the food transport comprises two belts (and/or other suitable food transportation mechanisms), the second nozzle head is configured to spray injectate in between the two food transports and then into (and/or onto) the food product.

In some implementations, one or more nozzle heads are configured to be moved toward and/or away from a food product. In this regard, the nozzle heads can be moved in any suitable manner, including, without limitation, by being moved manually, automatically, and/or in any other suitable manner. In some cases, however, at least one nozzle and/or nozzle head comprising multiple nozzles is coupled to one or more linear actuators, linear bearings, pneumatic actuators, hydraulic actuators, motors, robotic arms, movable frames, supports, and/or other suitable actuators and/or supports that are configured to move the nozzle (e.g., based on a programmatic setting, the size and/or position of a food product as determined by one or more sensors and/or users, one or more characteristics of the injectate and/or the food product, and/or any other suitable factor).

Although some implementations of the described system are configured to move one or more nozzle heads by themselves, in some other implementations, the system is configured to move one or more injection manifolds, valves, risers, sensors, and/or any other suitable component with the nozzle heads. Indeed, in some implementations, one or more valves are maintained in relatively close proximity with the nozzle head (e.g., by being moved with the nozzle head) to provide increased response and throughput.

In accordance with some implementations, the described system is configured to ensure that injectate that is sprayed through the nozzle head is not recirculated through the system. In some other implementations, however, the described system is configured to collect injectate that has been sprayed and/or otherwise released from one or more nozzle heads and to then recirculate that injectate back through the nozzle heads. While such a recirculation process can be accomplished in any suitable manner, in some embodiments, after the injectate is sprayed, it is collected in one or more fluid collectors, filtered (e.g., via one or more screens, sieves, colanders, paper filters, synthetic filers, meshes, catches, and/or other filters or filtering mechanisms). In some implementations, once relatively large particles and/or other masses have been filtered out of the injectate, the injectate is passed through one or more blenders, shear blenders, stator pumps, rotor-stator pumps, stators and rotors, positive displacement pumps, pumps, macerators, colloidal mills, and/or other mechanisms that are configured to homogenize the injectate and/or to reduce the size of any particulates in the injectate. In some such implementations, after the injectate has been homogenized, it is pumped and/or otherwise introduced back into the system (e.g., directly and/or indirectly).

In addition to the aforementioned characteristics, the described systems and methods can be modified in any suitable manner. Indeed, in some cases, after a food product receives injectate from a nozzle, the described method is further configured to pass the food product through a bath, cascade, waterfall, curtain, dip, spray, powder, stream, breading, rub, coating, and/or other application method that is configured to coat, bread, fill holes in, color, preserve, flavor, and/or otherwise treat the food product.

While the methods and processes of the present invention may be particularly useful for tenderizing, pumping up, and/or decontaminating food products, those skilled in the art will appreciate that the described systems and methods can be used in a variety of different applications and in a variety of different areas of manufacture. For instance, the described systems and methods can be used to provide a desired color, flavor, shelf-life, aroma, palatability, presentation, appearance, value, weight, pump up, size, density, texture, nutrient content, mineral content, moisture content, temperature, coating, injectate, color, and/or other characteristic to a food product.

These and other features and advantages of the present invention will be set forth or will become more fully apparent in the description that follows and in the appended claims. The features and advantages may be realized and obtained by means of the instruments and combinations particularly pointed out in the appended claims. Furthermore, the features and advantages of the invention may be learned by the practice of the invention or will be obvious from the description, as set forth hereinafter.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

In order that the manner in which the above-recited and other features and advantages of the present invention are obtained, a more particular description of the invention will be rendered by reference to specific embodiments thereof, which are illustrated in the appended drawings. Understanding that the drawings are not necessarily drawn to scale or in proper proportion, and that the drawings depict only typical embodiments of the present invention and are not, therefore, to be considered as limiting the scope of the invention, the present invention will be described and explained with additional specificity and detail through the use of the accompanying drawings in which:

FIG. 1A illustrates a schematic view of a food treatment system in accordance with a representative embodiment of the invention;

FIG. 1B illustrates a perspective view of a representative embodiment of the food treatment system comprising three spray nozzle heads with a food product transport system in a first position in accordance with a representative embodiment;

FIG. 1C illustrates a front schematic view of a representative embodiment of the food treatment system comprising three nozzle heads with the food transport system in the first position in accordance with a representative embodiment;

FIG. 1D illustrates a perspective view of a representative embodiment of the food treatment system comprising three spray nozzle heads with the food transport system in a second position in accordance with a representative embodiment;

FIG. 1E illustrates a front schematic view of a representative embodiment of the food treatment system comprising three nozzle heads with the food transport system in the second position in accordance with a representative embodiment;

FIG. 1F illustrates a perspective view of a representative embodiment of the food treatment system;

FIG. 1G illustrates a top view of a representative embodiment of the food treatment system;

FIG. 1H illustrates a side view of a representative embodiment of the food treatment system;

FIGS. 2A-2B each illustrate a perspective view of a spray nozzle head in accordance with a representative embodiment of the food treatment system;

FIG. 2C illustrates a perspective view of a representative embodiment of the food treatment system with the food transport system in the first position in accordance with a representative embodiment;

FIG. 2D illustrates a front schematic view of a representative embodiment of the food treatment system with the food transport system in the first position in accordance with a representative embodiment;

FIG. 2E illustrates a perspective view of a representative embodiment of the food treatment system with the food transport system in the second position in accordance with a representative embodiment;

FIG. 2F illustrates a front schematic view of a representative embodiment of the food treatment system with the food transport system in the second position in accordance with a representative embodiment;

FIGS. 2G-2M illustrate different views of different embodiments of a mechanism for moving the spray nozzle head;

FIGS. 3-4 each illustrate a perspective view of the food treatment system in accordance with a representative embodiment of the invention;

FIG. 5 illustrates a back side view of a representative embodiment of the food treatment system;

FIG. 6 illustrates a back side perspective view of a back side of a representative embodiment of the food treatment system;

FIG. 7 illustrates a front view of a representative embodiment of the food treatment system;

FIG. 8 illustrates a side view of a representative embodiment of the food treatment system;

FIGS. 9-14 each illustrate a different view of the food treatment system in accordance with some embodiments of the system;

FIG. 15 illustrates a schematic view of the food treatment system in accordance with a representative embodiment of the food treatment system;

FIG. 16A illustrates a perspective view of a representative embodiment of a spray nozzle head;

FIG. 16B illustrates a front schematic view of a representative embodiment of the spray nozzle head;

FIG. 16C illustrates a cross-sectional view of the spray nozzle of FIG. 16B, taken along line A-A of FIG. 16B;

FIG. 16D illustrates a cross-sectional view of a representative embodiment of the spray nozzle head, taken along line B-B in FIG. 16B;

FIG. 16E illustrates an end schematic view of a representative embodiment of the spray nozzle head;

FIG. 17A illustrates a prospective, back side view of a representative embodiment of the spray nozzle head;

FIG. 17B illustrates a face view of a representative embodiment of the spray nozzle head;

FIGS. 17C-17F each illustrate a different cross-sectional view of a representative embodiment of the spray nozzle head;

FIG. 18A illustrates a perspective view of a representative embodiment of the spray nozzle head;

FIG. 18B illustrates a perspective view of three spray nozzle heads in accordance with a representative embodiment;

FIGS. 18C-18D illustrate perspective views of some representative embodiments of the spray nozzle head;

FIG. 19A illustrates a perspective view of a representative embodiment of the food treatment system;

FIGS. 19B-19E illustrates various views of various portions of an injectate reclamation system in accordance with a representative embodiment;

FIGS. 20A-20D illustrate side views of some embodiments of the food treatment system that are configured inject injectate into two opposite sides of a food product while the food product rests on the food product transport;

FIGS. 21A-21C illustrate multiple views of a representative embodiment of the food treatment system;

FIG. 22A illustrates a schematic view of a representative embodiment of the food treatment system;

FIG. 22B illustrates a schematic view of a food treatment system in accordance with a representative embodiment;

FIG. 22C illustrates an enlarged view of a portion of FIG. 22B, as shown to the left of line A-A in FIG. 22B;

FIG. 22D illustrates an enlarged view of a portion of FIG. 22B, as shown between lines A-A and B-B in FIG. 22B;

FIG. 22E illustrates an enlarged view of a portion of FIG. 22B, as shown to the right of line B-B in FIG. 22B;

FIG. 23 illustrates a representative system that provides a suitable operating environment for use with some embodiments of the food treatment system; and

FIG. 24 illustrates a representative embodiment of a networked system that provides a suitable operating environment for use with some embodiments of the food treatment system.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

The present invention relates to systems and methods for treating food products. More particularly, some implementations relate to systems and methods for injecting (and/or otherwise applying) one or more injectates to a food product to: tenderize, limit microbial growth in (or provide intervention to), pump up, color, flavor, freeze, chill, preserve, increase a weight of, modify a density of, improve an aesthetic appearance of, change a texture of, change a moisture content, change a nutrient content of, and/or to otherwise treat the food product.

In the disclosure and in the claims, the term food product (and variations thereof) may be used to refer to any suitable food, foods, comestible, comestibles, and/or other edible material (or materials) that can be treated with the described systems and methods. In this regard, some examples of such food products include, but are not limited to, one or more: pieces of an animal (e.g., one or more pieces of meat, fat, flesh, a carcass, tissue, and/or other portions of one or more cows, pigs, lambs, fish, shrimp, lobsters, crustaceans, aquatic animals, deer, elk, rabbits, chickens, turkeys, birds, game animals, and/or any other animal), proteins, protein substitutes, dairy products, animal products, cheeses, fruits, vegetables, plants, legumes, stalks, leaves, grasses, grains, nuts, seeds, beans, tofu, pieces of fresh food, pieces of frozen good, pieces of raw food, pieces cooked food, pieces of smoked food, pieces of unsmoked food, pieces of cured food, pieces of preserved food, and/or any other edible material that can be treated with the described systems and methods.

As used herein, the terms injectate, solution, brine, and variations thereof, may refer to any suitable material (or materials) that can be applied (interiorly, exteriorly, and/or in any other suitable manner) by the described systems to a food product. In some embodiments, the injectate further comprises any suitable material that can be sprayed and/or otherwise provided from the described systems such that the injectate is injected into (and/or contacted on a surface of and/or otherwise applied to) the food product to: tenderize, decontaminate (or provide intervention to), color, flavor, season, pump up, preserve, improve a palatability of, change a smell of, improve a value of, freeze, chill, change a nutrient content of, change a moisture content of, change a density of, change a texture of, wash, and/or otherwise change one or more characteristics of the food product. Some examples of such injectates include, but are not limited to, one or more: types of water, types of ozonated waters, types of brine, acids (e.g., lactic acids, organic acids, vinegars, and/or any other suitable acids), bases, salts, salt solutions, elements (e.g., liquid nitrogen), compounds, mixtures, enzymes (e.g., Bromelain, Actinidin, Papain, one or more proteases, and/or any other suitable enzymes), coloring agents, disinfectants, stabilizers, food-grade additives, excipients, aromas, preservatives, sugars, gases (e.g., air, oxygen, nitrogen, carbon dioxide, a chemically inert gas, and/or any other suitable gas and/or gases), and/or any other suitable materials that can be injected into a food product while still allowing the food product to ultimately be eaten. Indeed, in some embodiments, however, the injectate comprises a solution comprising lactic acid.

As used herein, the term tenderize, and variations thereof, may refer to one or more processes in which a portion of a food product is at least partially ruptured, digested, proteolyzed, lysed, pumped up, and/or the food product is otherwise rendered more tender (e.g., less hard and/or tough).

As used herein, the term intervention, and variations thereof, may refer to one or more processes in which a portion of a food product is treated so as to kill, mitigate, deactivate, log reduce, prevent, slow propagation of, and/or otherwise reduce an amount (and/or potency) of bacteria, viruses, fungi, protozoa, germs, microbes, parasites, debris, and/or other pathogens that are on an outer surface, an inner surface, and/or any other portion of the food product.

As used herein, the term spray and variations thereof may refer to a process in which injectate and/or any other suitable material is forced through one or more nozzles. In some cases, the term spray and variations thereof further refers to a process in which injectate and/or any other suitable material is forced through a nozzle such that the injectate pierces, penetrates, impregnates, punctures, showers, sprinkles, drizzles, pours on, jets on, is discharged on, is injected into, and/or is otherwise applied to, coated on, and/or placed in a food product.

The following disclosure of the present invention is grouped into two subheadings, namely “SYSTEMS AND METHODS FOR FOOD TREATMENT” and “REPRESENTATIVE OPERATING ENVIRONMENT.” The utilization of the subheadings is for convenience of the reader only and is not to be construed as being limiting in any sense.

Systems and Methods for Food Treatment

As mentioned, the described systems and methods are configured to inject, apply to one or more surfaces, and/or otherwise apply one or more injectates (or solutions) to a food product to: tenderize, provide intervention to, color, season, freeze, chill, modify a nutrient content of, modify a moisture content of, pump up, modify a temperature of, modify a texture of, and/or to otherwise treat such food product. While the described systems can comprise any suitable component, FIG. 1A shows that, in some embodiments, the described food treatment system 10 includes one or more injectate tanks 15; pre-filters 20; injection pumps 25; pressure regulators 30; bypass lines 33; injectate filters 35; pressure sensors 40; nozzle dwell time valves 45; injection nozzles, pulsation nozzles, spray nozzles, nozzle heads, nozzle manifolds, and/or other applicators 50 (wherein such terms may be used interchangeably); food product transports 55; purge valves 60; wash (or clean-in-place) apparatuses 65; demisters 70; computer processing units 75; food product sensors 80; scale systems 85; and/or cabinets 90.

With respect to the injectate tanks 15, an injectate tank (and/or tanks) can perform suitable function, including, without limitation, storing injectate prior to it being fed to one or more nozzles 50, maintaining a head pressure over the injection pump 25 by allowing fluid pressure to force air out the system 10, acting as a service supply of the injectate to keep a constant supply of injectate to the injection pump, acting as a return vessel for return injectate (e.g., released from the pressure regulator 30 and/or any other portion of the system, acting as a supply for cleaning the system, acting as a supply for the wash or clean in place apparatus 65, and/or any other suitable purpose).

The injectate tank 15 can comprise any suitable component or characteristic that allows it to function as described herein (e.g., store injectate (not shown) and to allow the system 10 to apply (e.g., inject and/or otherwise apply) the injectate to a food product). Indeed, FIG. 1A shows that, in some embodiments, the tank 15 comprises: one or more injectate reservoirs 95 of any suitable size and shape, high shear mixers, low shear mixers, mixers, sensors 100 (e.g., any suitable type of sensors that are configured to determine one or more pressures, temperatures, amounts, fluid levels, pH, compositions, gas compositions, moisture, homogeneity (or lack thereof), and/or other characteristics of injectate within each reservoir), hygienic pressure transmitter sensors, wet well ports, feed pumps 105 and/or other suitable pumps that are configured to force injectate from the tank to the injectate pump (or injection pump) 25 and to thereby prime and/or reduce the strain on the injectate pump, heating systems that are configured to heat injectate within the tank, and/or cooling systems that are configured to cool injectate within the tank. Indeed, in some embodiments the tank comprises one or more hygienic pressure transmitter sensors (and/or other suitable sensors) that are configured to determine a level of injectate in the tank. In this regard, the hygienic sensor can function in any suitable manner, including, without limitation, by measuring the amount of pressure read by its sensor portion and transmitting such information to the computer processor 75. In such embodiments, such sensors can be disposed in any suitable location, including, without limitation, at a wet-well port of the tank. Additionally, in some embodiments, such a sensor is used to refill the tank, to stop or slow the rate at which injectate is added to the tank, and/or to partially empty the tank (e.g., to prevent the tank from overfilling).

As mentioned, in some embodiments, the tank 10 comprises one or more temperature sensors (e.g., on a wet-well port of the tank and/or at any suitable location) that are configured to monitor the temperature of injectate in the tank. In this manner, the system and sensors can help control the temperature of the injectate (e.g., via a cooling system 110 and/or in any other suitable manner).

With regards to the cooling system 110 (or chiller) of the injectate tank 15, the chiller can comprise any suitable component that allows it to cool injectate within the tank 15. Indeed, in some embodiments, the chiller comprises one or more non-cyclic refrigeration systems, cyclic refrigeration systems, vapor-cycle refrigeration systems, vapor-compression refrigeration systems, vapor-absorption refrigeration systems, gas-cycle refrigeration system, insulators, insulation layers (including, without limitation, one or more types of foam, urethane, fiberglass, mineral wool, cellulose, gypsum, perlite, fiberboard, and/or any other suitable insulator), and/or any other suitable cooling and/or insulation mechanism or mechanisms.

In some embodiments, the chiller 110 comprises one or more glycol (and/or other suitable) chillers. In this regard, while the glycol (or other) chiller can be configured in any suitable manner, in some embodiments, the injectate tank 15 comprises a jacketed tank that includes an inner wall that defines at least one reservoir 95 and an outer wall comprising an outer surface of the tank, with one or more cooling coils, conduits, baths, and/or other fluid containers and/or insulators being disposed between the two walls. In some other embodiments, the described system 10 comprises one or more conduits (e.g., one or more fluid conduits that extend within the system, one or more conduits that extend between the injectate tank and the injection pump 25, and/or any other suitable portion of the system 10) that are lined by, wrapped with, coiled around, and/or otherwise held in proximity with one or more lines and/or other containers carrying a coolant (e.g., glycol, one or more refrigerants, halocarbons, water, and/or other suitable coolants). Accordingly, in some such embodiments, the injectate in the system can be maintained in a desired temperature range, even after the injectate has been removed from the injectate tank.

In some embodiments, the injectate tank 15 further comprises one or more wheels, electrical and/or fluidic coupling devices, and/or any other suitable components that allow the tank to be selectively connected to and/or to be disconnected from the food treatment system 10. Indeed, as shown in FIG. 1A, some embodiments of the tank 15 comprise a movable cart 115. Additionally, FIG. 1A shows that some embodiments of the tank 15 comprise one or more plugs, wires, quick-connect couplers, and/or valves 120 that allow the tank to be emptied, cleaned, quickly connected to the system 10 to allow fluids (e.g., injectate, glycol, and/or any other suitable fluid, signals, reports, data, power, etc.) to flow between the tank and the system, and/or to serve any other suitable purpose. Similarly, in some embodiments, such plugs, wires, quick-connect couplers, and/or valves allow the tank to be detached from the system relatively quickly for any suitable purposes, such as for replacing the tank with another tank (e.g., another tank full of injectate and/or the wash apparatus 65). Additionally, in some embodiments, the valves (e.g., one or more evacuation valves and/or any other suitable valves 120) are configured to selectively open and close (e.g., manually, automatically, by being electrically controlled, and/or in any other suitable manner) to allow the tank to provide injectate to the system, to allow the tank to be emptied for cleaning or receipt of new injectate, and/or for any other suitable purpose.

In some embodiments (as shown in FIG. 1A), the food treatment system 10 optionally includes one or more pre-filters 20 that are configured to treat the injectate (e.g., to filter the injectate, inactivate pathogens in the injectate, and/or otherwise treat the injectate) and/or to remove particles, debris, and/or other unwanted materials from the injectate prior to allowing the injectate to pass through the injectate pump 25. In such embodiments, the pre-filter can comprise any suitable filter and/or other suitable injectate treatment mechanism, including, without limitation, one or more membrane filters, cartridge filters, canister filters, activated carbon filters, reverse osmosis filters, alkaline filtration systems, water ionizers, UV systems, infrared systems, screens, sieves, paper filters, cellulose filters, and/or any other suitable filtration systems. Additionally, in some embodiments, in place and/or in addition to the pre-filter, the system comprises one or more blenders (e.g., shear blenders and/or any other suitable component that is configured to reduce particle sizes in the injectate) to ensure that particulates in the injectate are of a suitable size to pass through the injection pump 25.

While the pre-filter 20 can comprise any suitable characteristic, in some embodiments, the pre-filter is configured to allow particles smaller than about 200 micrometers, or any suitable size smaller than that (e.g., to allow particles smaller than about 180 micrometers, particles smaller than about 140 micrometers, particles smaller than about 125 micrometers, particles smaller than about 110 micrometers, particles smaller than about 80 micrometers, particles smaller than about 40 micrometers, and/or particles of any other suitable size) to pass through the pre-filter. Indeed, in some embodiments, the pre-filter is configured to allow particles smaller than about 80 micrometers (e.g., particles smaller than about 40 micrometers or even be limited to only allow particles smaller than 20 microns) to pass through it. Nevertheless, the pre-filter can be used, depending on the application, to prevent (and/or allow) material that is larger or smaller than any of the above-referenced sizes to pass through to the injectate pump 25.

While the pre-filter 20 can comprise any suitable filter, in some embodiments, it comprises one or more high pressure in-line hydraulic filters, high pressure tee-type hydraulic filters, medium pressure hydraulic filters, membrane filters, ceramic filters, stainless steel element filters, sintered filter elements filters, sintered tin bronze element filters, metal fiber felt element filters, nickel element filters, paper filters, cellulose filters, carbon filters, inline filters, and/or any other suitable filters. Indeed, in some embodiments, the pre-filter comprises one or more high pressure hydraulic filters (e.g., a stainless element high press filter, as produced by Norman Filter Company, LLC of Bridgeview, Ill., USA and/or any other suitable entity).

Turning now to the injection pump 25, the system 10 can comprise one or more injection pumps, which (in turn) can each comprise any suitable pump that allows the system to force injectate through one or more nozzles (or applicators) 50 at a pressure sufficient to allow the injectate to penetrate into (or to otherwise be applied to) a food product to tenderize, flavor, provide intervention to, chill, modify a composition of, pump up, and/or to otherwise treat such food product. In this regard, some examples of suitable pumps include, but are not limited to, one or more hydra-cell pumps, positive displacement pumps, hydraulic pumps, continuous flow pumps, roto-dynamic pumps, turbo pumps, reciprocating pumps, centrifugal pumps, booster pumps, canned motor pumps, shear blenders, blenders, stators, stator pumps, rotor-stator pumps, positive displacement pumps, rotor pumps, screw pumps, twin screw pumps, liquid ring pumps, piston pumps, circumferential piston pumps, helical rotary lobe pumps, rotary lobe pumps, suction and low pulsation helical lobe pumps, bi-wing lobe pumps, centrifugal pumps, chopper pumps, circulator pumps, cryogenic pumps, multi-stage pumps, diaphragm pumps, and/or other suitable pumps. Indeed, in some embodiments, the injection pump comprises a positive displacement pump (e.g., a HYDRA-CELL™ seal-less pump, produced by Wanner Engineering, Inc. of MN, and/or any other suitable pump, including from one or more other vendors) that is configured to receive injectate from the injectate tank 15 at a relatively low pressure, and to then force the injectate from the injection pump at a relatively high pressure. Additionally, in some embodiments, the injection or injectate pump comprises a shear blender, such as the FS Shear Blender produced by Fristam Pumps of Middleton Wis., USA, and/or any other entity.

While the injection pump 25 can function in any suitable manner (including, without limitation, by forcing injectate from the tank 15 to the nozzles 50), in some embodiments, the pump is configured to receive fluid (e.g., injectate, cleaning fluid, and/or any other suitable fluid) from one port and to move that fluid out from the pump to one or more locations (e.g., to a post filter 35, to a pressure regulator 30, back to the tank to release fluid back into the reservoir, to the nozzles 50, and/or to any other suitable location). In some embodiments, an additional port that is part of, or in fluid communication with, the pump allows for a pressure relief valve to release high pressure to a three-way valve (and/or any other suitable valve).

While the injection pump 25 can release the injectate at any suitable pressure, in some embodiments, the injection pump is configured to release the injectate at any suitable pressure (depending on the type of food product being treated and the desired treatment being performed) that is less than about 4,000 psi, including at any suitable pressure or sub-range of pressures that are lower than 4,000 psi (e.g., at a pressure that is: less than about 2,500 psi, less than about 1,100 psi, less than about 800 psi, less than about 600 psi, less than about 400 psi, and/or any other suitable pressure below about 4,000 psi). For example, in some embodiments, where the food product comprises a seafood (e.g., salmon, shrimp, lobsters, etc.), the injection pump is configured to release injectate from the nozzles (or applicators) 50 at a pressure of between about 700 psi and about 900 psi. Moreover, in some embodiments in which the food product comprises a steak, the injection pump is configured to release injectate from the nozzles 50 at a pressure of between about 900 psi and about 1,450 psi. In some other non-limiting embodiments, where the food product comprises a roast, the injection pump is configured to release injectate from the nozzles 50 at a pressure of between about 2,000 psi and about 4,000 psi.

Additionally, although some embodiments of the injection pump 25 are configured to release injectate at a substantially constant pressure, in some other embodiments, the injection pump is configured to automatically and/or manually vary its pump frequency and/or the pressure at which it releases the injectate. In other words, some embodiments of the injection pump comprise a variable frequency drive pump.

In some embodiments, the injectate pump 25 further comprises and/or is otherwise used in connection with one or more air-bleed priming valves. In this regard, such valves can perform any suitable function, including, without limitation, creating an open port to atmosphere (or ambient) and/or allowing the injectate pump 25 to clear air, vapors, and other gases from the pump and the system's plumbing.

As mentioned, some embodiments of the system 10 optionally comprise one or more pressure regulators 30 that are configured to limit (and/or otherwise control) the pressure of the injectate as it is released to the nozzle 50. In this regard, the pressure regulator can be configured in any suitable manner (including, without limitation, manually and/or automatically) to limit the pressure of the injectate to any suitable level, including, without limitation, by ensuring that the pressure of the injectate that exits the spray nozzle is less than about 4,000 psi (or, as discussed above, any suitable pressure below that). Indeed, in some embodiments, the pressure regulator (and/or the injection pump) ensures that the injectate that is released from the nozzle has a pressure between about 600 psi and about 2,800 psi (or any suitable sub-range thereof). In this regard, in some cases in which the described systems are used with a relatively delicate meat (e.g., salmon and/or another fish) or other relatively delicate food product, the pressure regulator (and/or the injection pump) ensures that the injectate is released from the nozzle at a pressure between about 550 psi and about 1,150 psi. In contrast, in some cases in which the described systems are used with a relatively thick and/or tough meat (or other food product), the pressure regulator (and/or the injection pump) ensures that the injectate is released from the nozzle at a pressure between about 1,150 psi and about 2,600 psi.

Where the system 10 comprises one or more pressure regulators 30, the system can comprise any suitable pressure regulator that is configured raise and/or release pressure in a portion of the system, including, without limitation, one or more back pressure regulators, dome loaded PRVs, tank blanketing regulators, pressure relief valves, pressure regulating safety valves, computer controlled pressure regulators, electro-pneumatically actuated computer pressure regulators, pressure sensor, and/or any other suitable regulators. Indeed, in some embodiments, the pressure regulator comprises a pressure relief valve that is in fluid communication with one or more outlet ports of the injectate pump 25 to allow for any high pressure injectate to be released (e.g., in the case that a bypass regulator valve or three-way valve of the system fails, in turn, letting the high-pressure fluid escape the system without damaging the pump). In some cases, the pressure relieve valve outlet is connected to a dedicated portion exiting the cabinet 90.

In some cases, the system 10 comprises one or more electro-pneumatic actuators (or electro-pneumatically actuated computer controlled pressure actuators). In some such embodiments, the actuator comprises a microprocessor based proportional integral derivative controller (or PID) that provides precise algorithmic pressure control to injectate in at least a portion of the system. In some embodiments, such an actuator allows for injectate to return to the tank 15 during the time the nozzles 50 are not spraying (e.g., during advancement of the food product transport 55). In some embodiments, the actuator has a proportional integral, derivative controller with a set point that is set via the computer processor 75 (e.g., via a touchscreen, a smartphone, and/or any other suitable input) to the internal PID controls the process pressure. In accordance with some embodiments, the PID also utilizes air pressure to control the mechanical function of a venting pressure regulator to set the desired pressure. In some cases, the electro-pneumatic actuator is used for operation of the head, any pressure exceeding the specified amount is relieved by the back-pressure regulator into the injectate tank 15.

In some cases, the system 10 further comprises one or more venting pressure regulators. While such a regulator can comprise any suitable component, in some embodiments, it comprises a high pressure, low flow piston sensed regulator. Additionally, in some embodiments, the venting pressure regulator works in conjunction with the electro-pneumatic actuator. Specifically, in some cases, the venting pressure regulator works to maintain a computer specified pressure from the action of the electro-pneumatic actuator, such pressure falling in any suitable range, including, without limitation, between about 500 psig and about 20,000 psig, or within any subrange thereof (e.g., between about 6,000 psig and about 15,000 psig).

In some cases, the system 10 further comprises one or more pulsation dampers that are configured to relieve hydraulic shock caused by pulsation from some embodiments of the injectate pump 25. While such damper can be disposed in any suitable location, in some embodiments, they are disposed between the pump and the nozzles 50. Additionally, in some cases, to reduce vibration to the cabinet 90 and the system, conduits leading to the injectate pump are configured to reduce vibration (e.g., such conduits comprise flex hoses, rubber hoses, and/or any other suitable material).

In accordance with some embodiments, the system 10 optionally comprises one or more three-way valves. Such a valve can comprise any suitable valve, including, without limitation, a pressure shutoff valve (e.g., an air operated, manually operated, automated, and/or any other suitable pressure shutoff valve). While such a valve can have any suitable characteristic, in some embodiments, it comprises any suitable pressure rating (e.g., between about 12,000 psi and about 4,000 psi, or anywhere between, such as between about 10,000 psi and about 6,000 psi. Additionally, while the valve can be actuated at any suitable pressure, in some embodiments, the valve is actuated with a minimum/maximum pressure range of about 40 psi to about 200 psi, in any subrange thereof (e.g., about 80 psi to about 110 psi).

As additional examples of suitable characteristics of the optional three-way valve, in some cases, it comprises an inlet port, an outlet port to the tank to allow for the injectate from the pressure regulator 30 to return to the tank 15 as it passes through the three-way valve, and one outlet port that is configured to function as a drain for cleaning the system. Indeed, in some embodiments, the three-way valve is configured to allow injectate to either be returned to the tank 15 after passing through the injection pump 25 in normal operating conditions, or to dump fluids through a dedicated flush port exiting the cabinet 90. In some cases, the fluids delivered to the inlet port originate from the pressure regulator (e.g., the venting pressure regulator). Additionally, in some cases, when the system 10 is cleaned, the three-way valve can direct fluids to both the tank and the dedicated flush port.

With respect now to the bypass line 33, FIG. 1A shows that some embodiments of the system 10 comprise one or more bypass lines 33 that allow injectate to be released from the system when injectate pressure in the system is above a set limit for one or more components of the system. Indeed, in some instances in which the injection pump 25 is pressurizing injectate and the dwell time valve 45 is closed between sprays of injectate through the nozzles 50, the bypass line prevents undue pressure increases by bleeding some of the injectate out of the system (e.g., into an injectate tank). Additionally, (and as mentioned above) in some cases, the bypass line leads from the venting pressure regulator (or pressure regulator 30) to allow fluid to be returned to the tank (e.g., via the three-way valve, discussed above, or in any other suitable manner).

Where the system 10 comprises one or more bypass lines 33, the bypass lines 33 can drain injectate (and/or any other suitable material) from the system 10 into any suitable location, such as into the injectate tank 15 (e.g., for recirculation and/or any other suitable use), a drain, a storage tank, etc. In accordance with some embodiments, however, FIG. 1A shows that the bypass line 33 bleeds injectate back into the injectate tank 15. In some such embodiments, the bypass line comprises one or more nozzles, is angled, is configured to be submersed, and/or is otherwise configured to direct injectate back into the injectate tank in such a manner that injectate within the tank is mixed and prevented from becoming stagnant as injectate is introduced into the tank through the bypass line. In some embodiments, however, the tank comprises one or more high shear and/or low shear mixers to mix the injectate (and/or to prevent the injectate from becoming stagnant).

With respect now to the injectate filter 35, the system optionally comprises one or more injectate filters, which can (in turn) each comprise any suitable filter that is capable of preventing particles and/or other debris in the injectate from passing through the filter and plugging the nozzle. Some non-limiting examples of such filters include one or more high pressure in-line hydraulic filters, high pressure tee-type hydraulic filters, medium pressure hydraulic filters, membrane filters, ceramic filters, stainless steel element filters, sintered filter elements filters, sintered tin bronze element filters, metal fiber felt element filters, nickel element filters, paper filters, and/or any other suitable filters. Indeed in some embodiments, the injectate filter comprises one or more high pressure hydraulic filters (e.g., a stainless steel element high pressure hydraulic filter, as produced by Norman Filter Company, LLC of Bridgeview, Ill., USA and/or any other suitable entity). Additionally, in some cases, in addition to, or in place of, the injectate filter, the system 10 comprises one or more blenders (e.g., shear blenders) that are configured to reduce particulate size.

While the injectate filter 35 can comprise any suitable characteristic, in some embodiments, the filter has a pore size between about 10 and about 120 micrometers, or any suitable sub-range thereof (e.g., between about 65 and about 80 micrometers, between about 70 and about 75 micrometers, between about 15 and about 20 micrometers, and/or any other suitable sub-range). Indeed, in some embodiments, the filter ensures that particles in the injectate that reach the nozzle 50 are at least 90% the size of a spray orifice (or exit aperture) in the nozzle, or smaller (e.g., less than about 76%, less than about 60%, less than 50%, or any suitable amount smaller than a diameter of the orifice). For instance, some embodiments of the injectate filter comprise a pore size that is about 20 micrometers ±5 micrometers, so as to only allow particles smaller than such pore size to pass through the injectate filter. In still other embodiments, the injectate filter comprises a pore size that is about 5 micrometers ±3 micrometers, so as to only allow particles smaller than such pore size to pass through the injectate filter

With respect to the pressure sensors 40, FIG. 1A further shows that some embodiments of the system 10 comprise one or more pressure sensors 40 or transducers. While theses pressure sensors can be disposed in any suitable location (e.g., before and/or after the dwell time valve 45), FIG. 1A shows an embodiment in which a first digital pressure sensor 42 is disposed before the dwell time valve 45, a second digital pressure sensor 44 is disposed after the dwell time valve 45 along with a pressure gauge 46 comprising a display (and/or that is capable of providing pressure readings to the computer processing unit 75). Accordingly, in such an embodiment, the pressure sensors can determine a pressure of the injectate in one or more lines (and/or in the system itself) prior to and after the dwell time valve. Additionally, in some embodiments, one or more pressure sensors are configured to determine the operating pressure of the fluid (e.g., injectate, cleaning fluid, and/or other fluid) exiting the nozzles 50 and to report that pressure to the electro-pneumatically actuated computer controlled pressure regulator. Moreover, in some embodiments, the pressure sensor is located before at a position between about −15 degrees and about 30 degrees, or any subrange thereof (e.g., between about 1 degree and about 15 degrees) above a 90 degree angle in line with the supply tube to which it is coupled. In some such embodiments, such a placement allows for air to escape from the system for a more accurate reading while allowing for excess fluid to drain during system cleaning.

With respect to the nozzle dwell time valve 45, the system can comprise any suitable number of dwell time valves, which, in turn, can each comprise any component or characteristic that allows each valve to open and close to respectively allow and stop the flow of injectate through the nozzles 50 (and/or to allow for the evacuation of air and/or to function as system is cleaned). Indeed, in some embodiments, the dwell time valve is configured to open and close to provide timed bursts of injectate through one or more of the nozzles. In this regard, the dwell time valve can be configured to open for any suitable length of time that allows the system to tenderize, provide intervention to, pump up, and/or otherwise treat a food product. Indeed, in some embodiments, the dwell time valve is configured to open and allow injectate to spray from the nozzle for a burst that is any suitable amount of time less than about 30 seconds (including, without limitation, any suitable amount of time less than about 10 seconds). For instance, depending on the characteristics of the food product being treated and the desired treatment, in some embodiments, the valve is configured to allow the nozzle to provide a food product with bursts of injectate that last between about 0.05 and about 8 seconds (e.g., between about 0.2 and about 0.8 seconds or any subrange thereof).

The dwell time valve 45 can comprise any suitable valve that is capable of functioning as described herein. Indeed, in some embodiments, the valve comprises one or more integrated solenoid valves, pneumatic assist valves, pneumatic valves, electric valves, motorized valves, and/or any other suitable type of valves. In some cases, however, the dwell time valve (or manifold actuation valve) comprises a solenoid valve which has a pneumatic assist.

Although in some embodiments, the system 10 is configured such that injectate is sprayed from one or more nozzles 50 when the positions of the food product and the nozzles are substantially static with respect to each other (e.g., the system stops the movement of the food product and/or the nozzle heads 125 while injectate is being sprayed), in some other embodiments, the system 10 is configured to move the food product and/or the nozzles continuously and/or intermittently while the injectate is being sprayed.

Indeed, in some embodiments, the system 10 is configured to move the food product in pulses where the product is moved and then stopped when the injectate is sprayed, before the project is then moved again, only to stop to allow the injectate to be sprayed in a different position. Additionally, in some embodiments, the system is configured to move the food product (or, in some cases, the nozzles 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, or more) by relatively short increments, with the injectate being sprayed between the incremental movements, followed by a relatively long movement of the food product (or nozzles). Indeed, in some cases, as the food product is moved in the relatively long movement, the food product is moved by any suitable distance, including, without limitation, by a distance that approximately equal to (or that is slightly longer or shorter than) the distance between the farthest-most nozzles (when measured in the direction of the movement of the food product) (or the nozzles, where the nozzles move; e.g., the distance between the first set 360 and the third set 370 of nozzles 50 in FIG. 17B). In this manner, some embodiments of the system are configured to treat food products at a relatively high rate.

In any case, some embodiments of the system 10 are configured to move the food product with respect to the nozzles (and/or vice versa). This movement can occur (as mentioned above) in any suitable manner (e.g., in pulses, at any speed, with rest periods (or periods in which a distance between the food product and a nozzle or nozzle head 125 is substantially static) of any suitable time, with continual movement, with continuous movement, and/or in any other suitable manner. Indeed, in some embodiments, the system is configured (e.g., depending on the number of heads in the system, head placement, nozzle placement, desired food product saturation with injectate, and/or any other suitable factor) to use spray dwell time and movement of the food product with respect to the nozzles (or vice versa) to provide a food product with a desired injectate application. Thus, in some embodiments, the system is configured to ensure that an entire food product is treated (e.g., tenderized, pumped up, provided with intervention, flavored, colored, and/or otherwise treated). In some embodiments, the system is further programmable and/or optimizable (e.g., manually, automatically, and/or otherwise, as discussed herein) to ensure that spray dwell time, movement of the food product and/or nozzles, and/or any other suitable parameter of the system is configured to provide a desired treatment.

With respect to the spray nozzles 50, the system 10 can comprise any suitable number of spray nozzles that allow the system to provide a desired food treatment, to be cleaned, and/or to evacuate air from the system (e.g., during warmup). Indeed, in some embodiments, the system comprises between 1 and 4,000 nozzles, or any sub-range thereof (e.g., between about 1 and about 12, between about 12 and about 64, 400, etc.). By way of non-limiting illustration, FIGS. 16, 17B, and 18C show some embodiments in which a nozzle head 125 comprises multiple nozzles 50.

The spray nozzles 50 can comprise any suitable characteristic that allows them to treat a food product with injectate. Indeed, although some embodiments of the nozzles are configured to coat a food product with injectate, some other embodiments of the nozzles are configured to spray the injectate at a relatively high pressure (as discussed above) such that a portion of the injectate penetrates to a desired depth into the food product being treated. In such embodiments, each nozzle can comprise any suitable characteristic that allows it to perform such a function. For instance, the nozzles can each define one or more spray orifices of any suitable size. In this regard, some embodiments of the nozzles comprise a spray orifice that is less than about 300 micrometers (or any suitable amount smaller than that) in size. Indeed, in some embodiments, the nozzle's spray orifices are less than about 152 micrometers (e.g., about 145±8 micrometers) in size.

The spray nozzles 50 can further comprise any suitable type of nozzle. In this regard, some examples of suitable nozzles comprise one or more sapphire spray nozzles, stainless steel spray nozzles, diamond spray nozzles, orifices in a pipe, orifices in a tube, orifices in a nozzle head (or support), ports, openings, and/or any other suitable spray nozzle or nozzles. In some embodiments, however, one or more nozzles comprise a sapphire spray nozzle.

While FIG. 1A shows that, in some embodiments, the spray nozzles 50 are disposed on a single spray nozzle head 125 (or support), in some other embodiments, the spray nozzles can be disposed on any other suitable number of spray nozzle heads, including, without limitation, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, or more. By way of non-limiting illustration, FIGS. 1B-1E show some embodiments in which the system 10 comprises three nozzle heads 125 (or heads, manifolds, or supports). Where the system 10 comprises more than one nozzle head 125, each head can be fluidly coupled to the system in any suitable manner, including, without limitation, by being connected to the system in series, by being connected to one or more distribution manifolds, by sharing one or more purge valves 60, by comprising its own purge valve, by sharing one or more common drain lines 160, by comprising its own drain line, and/or in any other suitable manner. In one non-limiting illustration, FIG. 18D shows that a nozzle head 125 comprises two nozzle head caps 128 that are configured to channel injectate (and/or any other suitable material into the nozzle head. As a result, in some such embodiments, the system 10 is configured to rapidly supply all of the nozzles 50 with a desired pressure level.

Additionally, while FIGS. 1B-1E show that the heads 125 are configured to be disposed above the food product (not shown in FIGS. 1B-1E), the heads can be disposed above, below, on one or more sides of, at one or more angles to, and/or in any other suitable location with respect to the food product. Indeed, in some embodiments, the system 10 comprises at least one spray nozzle head that is disposed above a food product. Moreover, in some other embodiments, the system comprises at least one spray nozzle head that is disposed above a food product and one spray nozzle head that is disposed below the food product (e.g., so as to spray the food product through a wire mesh conveyor belt or otherwise). Furthermore, in some embodiments, one or more nozzle heads are configured to be disposed above a food product at an angle (e.g., so as to not be parallel with a bed of the food product transport 55). In such embodiments, the nozzle head can be disposed at any suitable angle, including, without limitation, an angle between about 0 degrees and about 180 degrees to one side and/or another side of the food product, or any sub-range thereof (e.g., by less than about 30 degrees to one side or another).

In some embodiments, one nozzle head 125 is configured to spray and/or otherwise apply injectate on or to one side of a food product 200. In some other implementations, the described system 10 comprises at least two nozzle heads that are configured to apply injectate onto and/or into different surfaces of a food product. In some such implementations, the described system comprises a first nozzle head that is configured to spray a first surface (e.g., a top surface) of a food product, and a second nozzle head that is configured to spray a second surface (e.g., a bottom surface) of the food product (or a surface resting on a conveyor belt or other food product transport 55). In this regard, the two nozzle heads can inject and/or otherwise apply injectate to the food product in any suitable manner, including, without limitation, as the food product is hung and moves past the nozzle heads (e.g., via a meat hook, a clip, a basket, and/or any other suitable method), as the nozzles are moved past the food product, as the food product moves past the nozzles on a conveyor belt, a spinning platform, a moving surface, and/or any other suitable food product transport 55.

In some embodiments in which the described system 10 comprises at least two nozzle heads 125 to apply injectate to two different portions of a food product 200, the first nozzle head is disposed on a first side of a food transport (e.g., above a top surface of a conveyor belt, a rotating table, a moving surface, and/or any other suitable surface or transport 55 that is configured to support the food product), while the second nozzle head is disposed on a second, opposite side of the surface of the food transport that is supporting the food product. In some such embodiments, the second nozzle head is configured to spray and/or otherwise force injectate through the food transport.

For instance, in some cases, the food transport 55 comprises a wire belt, a chain conveyor belt, a pintle chain, a perforated conveyor belt (or a conveyor belt having openings in it), a perforated rotating surface (or a rotating surface having openings in it), a mesh conveyor, a mesh surface, a weave belt, and/or any other suitable food transport that allows the second nozzle head to spray (and/or otherwise apply) injectate directly through a portion the food transport and to a food product resting on the transport. By way of non-limiting illustration, FIG. 20A shows an embodiment in which a first nozzle head 125 a is configured to spray injectate down on a food product 200, while a second nozzle head 125 b is configured to spray the injectate up through the a layer of the food transport 55 (e.g., a single layer of a wire belt, a chain belt, a perforated belt, and/or any other suitable food transport). Similarly, FIG. 20B shows an embodiment, in which a first nozzle head 125 a is configured to spray injectate down on a food product 200, while a second nozzle head 125 b is configured to spray the injectate up through the multiple layers of the food transport 55 (e.g., two layers of a wire belt, a chain belt, a perforated belt, and/or any other suitable food transport).

In some embodiments in which the food transport 55 comprises a belt (e.g., a conveyor belt and/or any other suitable belt system) and/or another suitable transport, the belt and/or transport is configured to snake, bend, and/or otherwise be disposed under and/or to a side of the first and/or second nozzle heads. By way of non-limiting illustration, FIG. 20C shows a representative embodiment in which a first nozzle head 125 a is configured to spray injectate down on a food product 200, while a second nozzle head 125 b is configured to spray injectate into a bottom side of the food product 200 (or a surface of the product that is resting on the transport 55. In this regard, FIG. 20C shows an embodiment in which a conveyor belt 56 or other food transport 55 is configured to wrap around the second nozzle head 125 b such that the second nozzle head does not need to spray injectate through the transport. Additionally, FIG. 20C shows an embodiment in which the gap formed by the deviation in the transport 55 comprise one or more rollers 57 (motorized and/or non-motorized) that are configured to support the food product 200 as it passes from one portion of the conveyor belt 55 to another. Of course, instead of rollers, the system can have any other component that is configured to support the food product as it is sprayed, including, without limitation, one or more perforated plates and/or other supports. Additionally, in some embodiments, the gap is so small that no additional supports are needed.

In some other embodiments (as illustrated in FIG. 20D, in which the food transport 55 comprises two belts 56 (and/or other suitable food transportation mechanisms), the second nozzle head 125 b is configured to spray injectate in between the two belts and then into (and/or onto) the food product 200.

Where the system 10 comprises more than one nozzle head 125, the various heads can perform any suitable function that allows the system to function as intended. Indeed, in some embodiments, multiple nozzle heads in the system are configured to spray the same injectate (e.g., at approximately the same time, at approximately the same pressure, at a different time, and/or at a different pressure). Accordingly, in some embodiments, the use of multiple nozzle heads allows the system to apply (e.g., inject) the injectate to a food product more rapidly than could otherwise be achieved with a single head. As a result, in some such embodiments, the system is configured to treat more food product in a shorter period of time than could be achieved with a single nozzle head.

Although in some embodiments, each nozzle head 125 in the system performs the same function (e.g., sprays injectate through its nozzles at the same time, at the same pressure, etc.), in some other embodiments, one or more nozzle heads in the system are configured to perform a different function than another nozzle head of the system. For instance, one nozzle support may be used to: apply (e.g., inject) a different injectate (e.g., a flavoring instead of a tenderizer), apply an injectate at a different pressure, apply a different amount of the injectate, apply injectate through a different size orifice, be at a different distance from the food product, be at a different location with respect to a food product (e.g., be above, below, on an opposite side to, at an angle to, and/or any other orientation), to move at a different time, to move to a different extent, and/or to otherwise perform a different function (and/or function in different manner) than another nozzle head in the system.

Additionally, the spray nozzle heads 125 can comprise any suitable characteristic that allows them to place one or more spray nozzles 50 within a desired distance from a food product. Indeed, in some embodiments, one or more spray nozzle heads is: shaped to substantially match a contour of a food product, selectively re-shapable (e.g., via one or more swivel unions, hoses, connector rings, clamps, adjustable connections, and/or otherwise) to substantially match a contour of the food product), movable (e.g., in shape, in position, manually, automatically, as directed by one or more sensors, to adjust for different food products, and/or otherwise) to help keep the nozzles at one or more desired distances from the food product, and/or is otherwise configured to keep one or more specific nozzles at one or more desired distances from a surface of the food product (e.g., between 0.1 inches and 10 inches from the food product, or any suitable subrange thereof, such as between about 1.5 and about 3.5 inches, depending on the characteristics of the food product and the desired treatment).

The system 10 can further be configured in any suitable manner that allows it to spray injectate into multiple locations on a single food product. Indeed, in some embodiments, the system is configured to move the one or more nozzles 50 (e.g., via one or more nozzle heads 125 and/or in any other suitable manner) with respect to the food product. In some other embodiments, however, the system is configured to move the food product with respect to one or more nozzles (e.g., with respect to one or more heads). In still other embodiments, the system is configured to move both the food product and the nozzles (e.g., the heads) with respect to each other as the system treats the food product.

Where the system 10 is configured to move a food product with respect to the nozzles 50 (e.g., the nozzle heads 125), the system can comprise any suitable components that allow it to accomplish such a function, including, without limitation, one or more conveyor belts (e.g., wire, wire mesh, rubber, plastic, chain, slat, roller, metal, hinge metal, screen cloth, and/or other suitable conveyor belts), roller conveyor systems, augers, servos, food product hanging systems (e.g., rail or otherwise), moving baskets or containers, actuators, motors, moving platforms, rotating surfaces, and/or other suitable food product transports that are powered in any suitable manner, including, without limitation, via one or more motors, pneumatic actuators, linear actuators, servos, hydraulic actuators, electric actuators, mechanical actuators, air cylinders, and/or other mechanical movement devices. By way of non-limiting illustration, FIG. 1A shows an embodiment in which the food product transport 55 comprises a motor driven conveyor belt (e.g., a wire mesh conveyor, a chain belt, and/or any other suitable belt).

With respect now to the purge valve 60, some embodiments of the system 10 optionally comprise one or more such valves. While such purge valves can perform any suitable function, in some embodiments, they are configured to be manually and/or automatically (e.g., via the computer processing unit and/or otherwise) opened and closed such that air, injectate, and/or other materials can be purged from the system. Indeed, in some embodiments, the purge valves allow air, water, detergents, vinegar, ozone, and/or other cleaning agents to be run through and drained from the system. Additionally, while some embodiments of the purge valve are configured to open and close mechanically, in some other embodiments, the purge valve comprises a valve that is permeable to gases (e.g., air) and impermeable to liquid (e.g., injectate).

With respect now to the wash apparatus 65 (which may also be referred to as a clean-in-place apparatus), in some embodiments, the system 10 comprises one or more wash apparatuses that are configured to provide one or more cleaning agents and/or rinsing agents (e.g., water and/or any other suitable rinse) to the system. In such embodiments, the wash apparatus can comprise any suitable component or characteristic that allows it to rinse and/or otherwise clean one or more components of the system. By way of non-limiting illustration, FIG. 1A shows that, in some embodiments, the wash apparatus 65 comprises one or more water filters 130 (e.g., carbon filters, activated carbon filters, depth filters, screen filters, surface filters, reverse osmosis filters, ceramic filters, membrane filters, deionization filters, distillation filters, ion exchange filters, mechanical filters, ultraviolet filters, ultraviolet lights, water softeners, stainless steel element filters, sintered filter elements filters, sintered tin bronze element filters, metal fiber felt element filters, nickel element filters, paper filters, and/or any other suitable filter that is able to filter undesirable materials from a water source, such as a potable water source 135 (as illustrated in FIG. 1A)); water softeners 140 (e.g., a salt system, ion-exchange polymer system, and/or any other suitable water softening system); reverse osmosis systems 145 (e.g., one or more reverse semipermeable membranes); reservoirs for cleaning materials 150 (e.g., ozone, ozonated water, purified water, one or more soaps, detergents, vinegar, and/or other cleaning agents); reservoirs for rinse water (e.g., purified rinse water) 155; and/or pumps 156 (e.g., low pressure pumps configured to provide fluid from the wash apparatus to the injection pump 25). In some embodiments, the wash apparatus water filters comprise one or more high pressure hydraulic filters (e.g., stainless element high press filters, as produced by Norman Filter Company, LLC of Bridgeview, Ill., USA and/or any other suitable entity).

Thus, in some embodiments, after the system 10 has been used (e.g., after a work shift, between the use of different injectates in the system, after servicing the system, before the systems first use, etc.), the wash apparatus 65 is used to clean one or more components of the system (e.g., the pre-filter 20, the injection pump 25, the pressure regulator 30, the injection filter 35, the pressure sensors 40, the dwell time valve 45, the nozzles 50, the nozzle heads 125, one or more conduits 160 that fluidly connect the system's various components, and/or any other suitable portion of the system). In such embodiments, the materials that are used to clean the system can be disposed of in any suitable manner, including, without limitation, by being directed to a drain (e.g., via a drain conduit 165 or otherwise) and/or a storage tank (e.g., the injectate tank 15, a storage tank in the wash apparatus, etc.). In this regard, while the materials that are purged from the system via the purge valves 60 can be directed to an injectate tank, in some embodiments, the system is configured to prevent injectate that has been sprayed from the nozzles 50 from being mixed with (and potentially contaminating) injectate that has not been sprayed from the nozzles (e.g., unused injectate in the tank and/or injectate that returns to the tank via bypass line 33 and/or one or more drain conduits 165).

Turning now to the demister 70, some embodiments of the system 10 optionally comprise one or more demisters 70 that are configured to draw air (e.g., one or more gases) and/or vapor from the system (e.g., the cabinet 90, which is discussed below). In this regard, the demister can perform any suitable function, including, without limitation, destructing ozone; preventing toxic or potentially toxic gases and/or vapors (e.g., ozone, lactic acid vapor, etc.) from flowing out of the system (e.g., cabinet 90) where they could cause harm to an operator and/or other person; preventing cross-contamination; collecting and/or condensing vapors, which may otherwise condense in the system and allow for bacterial breeding and bacterial rain to condense and fall from a surface of the system; removing smoke, steam, evaporated injectate, and/or any other suitable material from air in the cabinet; and/or carrying out any other suitable purpose.

While the demister 70 can comprise any suitable component that allows it to draw air and/or vapor from the system 10, in some embodiments, the demister comprises one or more fans, impellors, suction systems, diffusers, condensers (e.g., condenser 72, as shown in FIG. 1A), moisture eliminators, hoods, collectors, ozone destructors, and/or any other suitable components. In this regard, one example of a demister is the ozone destructor disclosed in U.S. Pat. No. 8,696,796 entitled SYSTEMS AND METHODS FOR REDUCING OFF-GASSED OZONE, and filed Dec. 3, 2012. In another example, while some embodiments of the demister comprise a fan, vacuum, and/or other ventilation device that is disposed between the cabinet 70 and a diffuser, condenser, moisture eliminator, vent, and/or other component configured to remove liquids from air pulled from the cabinet (collectively and individually, a liquid eliminator), in other embodiments, the liquid eliminator is disposed between the cabinet and the fan and/or other ventilation device that is configured to draw air from within the cabinet through the demister. Accordingly, in some embodiments, the liquid eliminator protects the ventilation device from unwanted condensation, contact, and/or contamination with moisture from inside the cabinet.

Turning now to the computer processing unit 75, some embodiments of the system 10 optionally comprise one or more programmable logic controllers and/or other processing units (some embodiments of which are discussed below in more detail). In this regard, the processing unit can perform any suitable function, including, without limitation, providing power to any suitable portion of the system; controlling the pumps (e.g., 25, 105, 156, etc.), the pressure regulators 30, the food product transports 55, the demisters 70, the valves (e.g., 45, 60, 120, etc.), movement of the nozzle heads 125, the wash apparatuses 65, the wash apparatus pump 156, the cooling systems 110, the pressure sensors (e.g., 40, 44, 46, etc.), the sensors 80, the scales 85, and/or any other suitable portions of the system; operating any suitable portion of the system (e.g., as listed above); running diagnostics on one or more portions of the system; adjusting the operating parameters of any suitable portion of the system; optimizing any suitable operating parameters (e.g., injectate temperatures, nozzle spray pressure, nozzle spray time, food product transport speed, load advancement, demister speed, and/or any other suitable parameter) of any suitable portion of the system based on one or more specific characteristics of specific food products, injectates, and/or other desired factors; determining the status of any suitable components of the system (e.g., the tanks 15, the filters (e.g., 20, 35; etc.), the pumps (e.g., 25, 105, 156, etc.), the pressure regulators 30, the food product transports 55, the demisters 70, the valves (e.g., 45, 60, 120, etc.), the nozzle heads 125, the wash apparatuses 65, the wash apparatus pumps 156, the cooling systems 110; the pressure sensors (e.g., 40, 44, 46, etc.), the sensors 80, the scales 85, and/or any other suitable portions of the system; diagnosing errors with one or more components of the system; stopping and/or starting any suitable components of the system; determining when one or more nozzles 50 are partially and/or completely occluded; moving the nozzles and/or nozzle heads; moving the food treatment transport; determining the amount of injectate that has passed through one or more nozzle heads; determining the amount of injectate that has been injected into one or more specific food products; controlling UV lights and/or system decontaminating apparatus; determining whether the food product transport is jammed and/or gummed up; reporting on the status of any suitable components of the system; trouble shooting errors with the system; controlling system cleaning; controlling nozzle cleaning; and/or otherwise monitoring and governing any suitable components and/or parameters of the system.

In some additional non-limiting examples of suitable functions of the processing unit 75, some embodiments of the processing unit: determine pressures within the injectate tank 15; determine injectate levels within the injectate tank; determine and controls the temperature of injectate within the injectate tank; power on and off and/or varies a speed and pressure produced by one or more pumps and/or otherwise controls a fluid pressure provided by such (e.g., pumps 25, 105, and/or 156); adjust a pressure limit on the pressure restrictor 30; determines a cleanliness of the injectate filter 35; determine an amount of fluid that has passed through the filters (e.g., 130, 20, 35, etc.); open and close and determine a status of the dwell time valve 45; determine the pressures measured by the various pressure sensors (e.g., 40, 42, 44, 46, etc.); control a speed at which, a status of, and when the food product transport (and/or food product transport driver 73) moves and stops; determine a status of and opens and closes the purge valve 60; move the food product to a desired location with respect to the nozzles 50 (e.g., via the food product transport 55 and/or otherwise); move one or more of the nozzles to a desired location with respect to the food product; determine a status of and turns on and off and otherwise controls the demister 70, including one or more individual components thereof; control network communications (as discussed below); control a user interface (as discussed below); control and receive information from the scale system 85; respond to one or more emergency stop switches (e.g., switches 180, shown in FIG. 1A); and/or perform any other functions that allow the processing unit to control, monitor, troubleshoot, record data from, communicated data, and/or otherwise govern the food treatment system 10.

By way of non-limiting illustration, FIG. 1A shows that, in some embodiments, power and/or signal output are provided (as illustrated by lines 170) from the processing unit 75 to various components of the system 10 and signal input (as shown by lines 175) is provided from some such components (e.g., the injectate tank pumps 105, the pressure sensors 100 in the injectate tanks 15, the injection pumps 25, the pressure regulators 30, the injectate filters 35, the pressure sensors 40, the dwell time valves 45, the purge valves 60, the food product transports 55, the wash apparatus pumps 156, the demisters 70, the food product sensors 80, valves 120, the scale systems 85, and/or any other suitable components) back to the processing unit.

In some embodiments (as mentioned), the processing unit 75 gathers information (e.g., from one or more scales, probes (as discussed below), users, tests, sensors, gauges, safety sensors, and/or any other suitable sources) and uses such information to optimize and/or control the system 10 (e.g., via a continuous feedback loop and/or otherwise). While such information can be used to optimize the system in any suitable manner, in some embodiments, such information is used to optimize (e.g., automatically, to notify a user to optimize, and/or to otherwise optimize): injectate recipes, injectate spray time, injectate pressure, injectate temperature, the amount of injectate that is applied to food products, injectate spray depth, how far a food product moves between injectate applications, distances between food products and one or more nozzles 50, distances between food products on the food product transport 55, timing of cleaning cycles, length of cleaning cycles, cleaning pressures, nozzle head rotation, cleaning cycle parameters, UV light use parameters, and/or any other suitable characteristic or parameter of the system and its method of functioning. Thus, in some embodiments, as the system functions and gathers data, the system is able to use such data to automatically (and/or as directed by a user) improve the functioning of the system (e.g., to produce better food product, to waste less food product, to waste less injectate, etc.).

In some embodiments, the processing unit 75 is in communication with a modem (e.g., modem 185) and/or another suitable network interface (as described below in more detail). In such embodiments, this network interface can perform any suitable function, including, without limitation, connecting the described system 10 to a server comprising software to run the system; recording and monitoring information regarding the use of the system; allowing programs and applications to be added to, deleted from, updated on, and/or to otherwise be modified on the system; allowing information from one or more systems to be gathered; allowing for the system to be controlled, troubleshot, and/or monitored remotely; and/or allowing the system and its components to be remotely monitored, adjusted, updated, diagnosed, fixed, actuated, deactivated, and/or otherwise controlled. Indeed, in some embodiments, the system is configured such that it will not tenderize, provide intervention to, pump up, and/or otherwise treat a food product unless the system is properly connected to a network (e.g., cloud 190). Accordingly, in some embodiments, an administrator can ensure that the system is not used without permission, can monitor system use, can charge royalties based on use (and/or any other factor), and/or can otherwise monitor and control the system.

In some embodiments (as mentioned), the processing unit 75 is further connected to a user interface and/or another input and/or output device 195 (a touchscreen or other device, as discussed below, and as illustrated in FIG. 1A). In this regard, the input/output device can serve any suitable function, including, without limitation, providing a user with an interface for operating, determining the status of, adjusting, controlling, diagnosing, and/or otherwise observing and governing the function of the system 10.

In some embodiments, the system further comprises one or more scale systems 85. In this regard, the scale systems can comprise any suitable component that allows the system 10 to determine how much injectate has been added into one or more food products by the system and/or any other suitable information (e.g., how much of the injectate that is sprayed is not retained by a food product, etc.). By way of non-limiting illustration, FIG. 1A (and FIGS. 1F-1H) show that, in some embodiments, the scale system 85 comprises an in motion scale (and/or other suitable scale) having both an “in” scale 86 and an “out” scale 87, with the in scale being disposed prior to the spray nozzles 50 and the out scale being disposed after the spray nozzles.

In some embodiments in which the system 10 comprises an in 86 and an out 87 scale, the scale system 85 can measure how much injectate has been received by any suitable number of food products. In one example, the scale system 85 determines a weight of one food product before being injected with injectate and then determines the weight of that same food product after it has been injected to determine how much injectate has remained within the food product. In another example, however, the scale system is configured to measure the weight of multiple food products that enter and leave the system over a period of time (e.g., per minute, per hour, etc.). In this example, the system 10 can determine an average amount of injectate that is retained within the food products that pass through the system. Moreover, in accordance with some embodiments, if the processing unit 75 (and/or a user/administrator) determines that more or less injectate should be applied to the food product, the processing unit automatically records such data, notifies a user and/or administrator, and/or changes the system's operating parameters (e.g., “on the fly”. As directed by the user/administrator, or otherwise) to ensure that a desired amount of injectate is applied to and/or within the food product and/or to further optimize the system's operations.

With regards to the food product sensors 80, some embodiments of the system 10 optionally comprise one or more food product sensors 80 (e.g., as shown in FIG. 1A) that are configured to determine a size, height, width, length, shape, contour, position, mass, and/or other characteristic of a food product passing through the system. While the system can comprise any suitable type of sensors (e.g., one or more types of sonar, electronic eyes, light beam sensors, laser sensors, photoelectric sensors, tactile sensors, cameras, motion detectors, proximity sensors, infrared sensors, photodetectors, fiber-optic sensors, safety sensors, and/or any other suitable sensor), in some embodiments, the sensors comprise one or more electric eyes.

Where the system 10 comprises one or more food product sensors 80, the sensors can perform any suitable function. Indeed, in some embodiments, the sensors determine when a food product is passing in proximity to the nozzles 50 (thus indicating when the system should inject injectate). In some other embodiments, the system comprises one or more sensors that detect a food product before it reaches the nozzles 50, thus, allowing the nozzles to begin spraying (e.g., and/or purging air in the nozzle head 125) before and/or as the food product comes into proximity with the nozzles. In still other embodiments, the sensors further determine the proximity of a food product to the nozzles (e.g., the nozzle heads 125), thus allowing the system to automatically change the distance between the nozzles and the food product. By way of non-limiting illustration, FIGS. 2A-2B show that in some embodiments, the system 10 is configured to move the spray nozzle head 125 (e.g., via one or more motors, pneumatic actuators, linear actuators, servos, hydraulic actuators, electric actuators, mechanical actuators, and/or other suitable mechanical movement devices) to be a desired distance (e.g., between about 0.1 and about 10 inches, or any sub-range thereof) from a surface of the food product 200. Indeed, in some embodiments, the system is configured to maintain one or more spray nozzles within a distance between about 0.2 inches and about 0.8 inches from a surface of a food product that is being treated. In this regard, in some embodiments, the sensors 80 allow the spray nozzle head to be substantially maintained at a desired distance from a food product by adjusting to the various contours of a specific food product.

In another example (e.g., as illustrated in FIGS. 2C-2F), the system 10 is configured to move a portion of the food product closer to and/or further from the nozzles 50. While this can be accomplished in any suitable manner, in some embodiments, as one or more food product sensors 80 determine a size, contour, and/or other characteristic of one or more specific food products, the system (e.g., the processing unit 75) causes the food product transport 55 to move the food product closer to and/or farther from one or more nozzle heads 125 (e.g., by moving a portion of the transport closer to the head via the use of one or more motors, pneumatic actuators, linear actuators, servos, hydraulic actuators, electric actuators, mechanical actuators, air cylinders, pulley systems, rail systems, and/or other mechanical movement devices). Indeed, as shown in FIGS. 2C-2F, in some embodiments, a portion of a conveyor belt 57 is configured to be raised and/or lowered to maintain the food product (not shown in FIGS. 2C-2F) at a desired distance from the nozzle heads 125 (e.g., by raising a portion of a carry way that supports the conveyor belt, allowing end rollers of the conveyor belt to come closer together and/or further apart, and/or in any other suitable manner).

In some implementations, one or more nozzle heads 125 are configured to be moved toward and/or away from a food product 200. In this regard, the nozzle heads can be moved in any suitable manner, including, without limitation, by being moved manually, automatically, and/or in any other suitable manner. In some cases, however, at least one nozzle and/or nozzle head comprising multiple nozzles is coupled to one or more linear actuators, linear bearings, pneumatic actuators, hydraulic actuators, motors, robotic arms, movable frames, supports, shelves, scaffolds, movable arms, and/or other suitable actuators and/or supports that are configured to move the nozzle (e.g., based on user preference, a programmatic setting, the size and/or position of a food product as determined by one or more sensors and/or users, one or more characteristics of the injectate and/or the food product, and/or any other suitable factor).

By way of non-limiting illustration, FIGS. 2G-2M show that, in some embodiments, one or more nozzles 50 or nozzle heads 125 are coupled to a moveable framework 500. While such a framework can function in any suitable manner, FIG. 2G shows that, in some embodiments, the framework 500 comprises a gantry, a scaffold, and/or any other support structure. Additionally, FIG. 2G show that some embodiments of the frame comprise one or more actuators 505 (e.g., linear actuators) that are configured to raise, lower, and/or otherwise move one or more nozzle heads 125 (e.g., based on one or more food product sensor 80 readings, based on the size and/or other characteristics of one or more particular food products, and/or any other suitable factor).

Although some embodiments of the described system 10 are configured to move one or more nozzle heads 125 by themselves, in some other embodiments, the system is configured to move one or more injection manifolds, dwell time valves, risers, sensors, and/or any other suitable component with the nozzle heads. Indeed, in some embodiments (as shown in FIG. 2G), one or more valves 45 are maintained in relatively close proximity with the nozzle head 125 (e.g., by being moved with the nozzle head) to provide increased response time to valve operation and throughput of the system.

Thus, in some embodiments, the system 10 is configured to move the food product to maintain the food product at a desired distance (e.g., between about 0.1 and about 10 inches, or any sub-range thereof) from one or more nozzles 50. Indeed, in some embodiments, the system is configured to maintain the food product within a distance between about 0.2 inches and about 0.8 inches (or any sub-range thereof) from a nozzle. In this regard, the sensors 80, in some embodiments of the system, allow the food product to be substantially maintained at a desired distance from one or more spray nozzles by adjusting a portion of the transport to move the food product based on the various contours of the food product.

Turning now to the cabinet 90, some embodiments (and as illustrated in FIGS. 3-8 ) of the system 10 comprise one or more cabinets 90 that are configured to house one or more components of the system. In this regard, the cabinet can have any suitable feature. For example, FIGS. 3-4 show that, in accordance with some embodiments, the cabinet 90 comprises a chamber 205 that is configured to house the spray nozzles 50 (not shown in either of FIGS. 3-4 ) and to contain the food product (not shown in either of FIGS. 3-4 ) as it is treated. In such embodiments, the cabinet can perform any suitable function, including, without limiting, directing vapors and gases to the demister 70, preventing a user from being exposed to undesirable amounts of injectate spray and/or off-gassing, and/or any other suitable purpose.

In another example, one or more internal surfaces of the cabinet 90 are configured to direct condensation in the cabinet to a desired location (e.g., a drain, a storage container, etc.). By way of non-limiting illustration, FIG. 4 shows that, in some embodiments, a lower tray 207 and/or lid 211 of the cabinet 90 is sloped and/or otherwise configured to direct excess injectate, blood, food-product drippage, and other materials to a drain 209. Accordingly, in some such embodiments, the cabinet may prevent (and/or reduce an amount of) condensation that forms in the cabinet from dripping on a food product disposed therein. While such a function can be accomplished in any suitable manner, in some embodiments, one or more surfaces of a lid of the cabinet are sloped at an angle that allows condensation that forms on such lid to be directed away from food products within the cabinet.

In another example, FIGS. 5-6 show that, in some embodiments, the cabinet 90 comprises one or more separate compartments (e.g., compartments 210 and 215). While these two compartments can perform any suitable function, in some embodiments, one compartment 210 comprises some electronic components of the system (e.g., the processing unit 75), while the other compartment 215 comprises the injection pump 25 and/or any other components that may potentially be exposed to leaks of injectate and/or other liquids that pass through the system 10.

Where the cabinet 90 comprises one or more compartments (e.g., compartments 210 and 215), the compartments can comprise any suitable feature. In this regard, some embodiments of the cabinet comprise one or more doors with one or more seals. By way of non-limiting illustration, FIG. 6 shows an embodiment in which the cabinet 90 comprises two doors 220 and 225 comprising a seal and/or lip 226 that extends exteriorly, and wherein a portion of the edging 230 around the door is configured to slope away from the opening of the corresponding compartment to help direct any liquids that fall or condense on such edging away from such compartment.

In addition to the aforementioned features, the described food treatment system 10 can be modified in any suitable manner that allows it to treat a food product. In one example, the system comprises one or more UV lights that are configured to kill, disable, log reduce, and/or otherwise reduce microbes in any suitable portion of the system 10. Accordingly, in some embodiments, such lights are used to keep one or more portions of the food treatment system and/or a food product that is treated thereby, sanitary.

In another example, the described system 10 is configured to provide multiple injectates (e.g., one or more tenderizers, coloring agents, flavoring agents, etc.) to a food product passing there through. While this can be accomplished in any suitable manner, in some embodiments, the system comprises two more separate injectate tanks 15 and two or more separate pumps (e.g., pump 25), injection filters 35, and/or spray nozzle heads 125 that are each configured to independently deliver a different injectate to one or more food products.

In still another example, some embodiments of the system 10 are configured to apply one or more injectates to a food product in more than one manner. In this example, the injectate(s) can be applied to the food product via one or more external application techniques (e.g., spraying, misting, soaking, pouring, an injectate curtain, and/or any other suitable method); internal injection techniques (e.g., injection techniques using needles and/or other objects that penetrate the food product); injection techniques in which no nozzles, needles, and/or other objects penetrate the food product to inject the injectate, and/or any other suitable injection technique; and/or any other suitable methods. Indeed, in some embodiments, an injectate (or solution) is applied to an outer surface of a food product (e.g., as a decontaminant, colorant, seasoning, etc.) and one or more injectates are injected at a high pressure to one or more depths into the food product, without a nozzle, needle, and/or other object penetrating the food product to inject the injectate.

In yet another example, some embodiments of the described system 10 comprise one or more probes and/or other sensors that are configured to detect one or more characteristics of a food product that is treated by the system. While such a probe and/or sensor can perform any suitable function, including, without limitation, measuring, sensing, and otherwise determining a tenderness, texture, pH, moisture, temperature, color, size, fat composition, composition, moisture content, freshness, ripeness, and/or any other suitable characteristic of a food product, in some embodiments, one or more probes are used to measure a tenderness of a food product (and/or a test piece of a food product) at one or more times (e.g., before, during, and/or after injectate is applied to the food product). Indeed, in some embodiments, the described system is configured to measure the tenderness of a food product before and after it is treated.

Where the system 10 comprises one or more probes for measuring food product tenderness, the probes can function in any suitable manner. Indeed, in accordance with some embodiments, FIG. 9 shows that each probe 240 comprises a probe tip 245 that is connected to a strain gauge 250 such that when the probe tip is forced against a food product, the strain gauge is able to measure a resistance to pressure and/or otherwise obtain a relative tenderness of such food product. Additionally, while the system can comprise any suitable number of probes, FIGS. 9-14 show some embodiments in which the system 10 comprises two probes 240 with one being disposed before and one being disposed after the cabinet 90. Thus, in some such embodiments, the system can measure tenderness (and/or one or more other characteristics) of a food product before and after the product is treated with injectate.

Once such one or more probes 240 obtain information regarding the tenderness (and/or any other suitable characteristic) of a food product, such information can be used in any suitable manner. Indeed, in accordance with some embodiments, FIG. 15 shows that the processing unit 75 is configured (e.g., via one or more probe interfaces 260) to record, store, analyze, average, summarize, display, and/or otherwise manipulate such information; adjust injectate application (e.g., adjust injectate pressure, spray time, temperature, penetration depth, etc.), adjust the food product transport's 55 movements, and/or adjust any other parameter of the system 10 based on the obtained information; and/or otherwise use the data/information obtained from such probes.

Thus, in some embodiments, the described systems and methods are configured to transform a food product into a treated food product (e.g., to transform a rough piece of meat into a tender one, to transform a contaminated food product into a decontaminated food product, etc.). Moreover, some embodiments of the system 10 are further configured to measure one or more characteristics of food products being treated and to adjust operation of the system to produce food products having one or more desired characteristics.

In some embodiments, where a probe 240 is used to contact, and thereby test, one or more food products (or food product samples), such a probe is not cleaned between tests. In other embodiments, however, the probe is heated; dipped, sprayed with, bathed with, wiped with, and/or otherwise treated with a sanitizing agent; exposed to UV light; and/or otherwise cleansed. While such cleansing can be accomplished in any suitable manner, in some embodiments, a sanitizing agent is sprayed on and/or otherwise applied to the tip between tests. In some other embodiments, however, the described system 10 is configured to move the probe tips 245 between a testing position and a sanitation position in which a sanitizing agent is applied (via dipping the probe tip in the agent and/or otherwise applying the agent to the tip), such that the tips can be cleaned between tests (and/or at any other suitable time).

In another example of a suitable modification, in some embodiments, one or more components of the system 10 (e.g., the food product transport 55 and/or any other suitable components) are configured to be cleaned (e.g., by being readily removable, by being configured to be cleaned while coupled to the system, and/or in any other suitable manner). Indeed, in some embodiments, the food product transport comprises one or more removable conveyor belts, shaft rails, and/or other parts for cleaning. Moreover, in some embodiments, the system comprises one or more continuous belt cleaners, UV lights, spraying mechanisms, washing mechanisms, and/or other features that allow one or more components of the system to readily be washed, rinsed, sanitized, and/or otherwise cleaned.

In another example of a suitable modification, although some embodiments of the described system 10 are configured to ensure that injectate that is sprayed through the nozzle head 125 is not recirculated through the system (e.g., to avoid contaminating unused injectate with pathogens and/or debris from the sprayed food product), in some other embodiments, the system is optionally configured to collect injectate that has been sprayed and/or otherwise released from one or more nozzle heads and to then recirculate that injectate back through the nozzle heads.

Where the system 10 is configured to recirculate injectate that is been sprayed through a nozzle 50, such a recirculation process can be accomplished in any suitable manner. Indeed, in some embodiments, after the injectate is sprayed, it is collected in one or more fluid collection systems, filtered (e.g., via one or more screens, sieves, colanders, paper filters, synthetic filers, meshes, catches, and/or other filters or filtering mechanisms), and then passed through a blender.

By way of non-limiting illustration, FIGS. 19A-19E show some embodiments of a system 510 for recirculating injectate that has been sprayed through the system 10. In particular FIG. 19A illustrates that, in some embodiments, the recirculation system 510 comprises a first collector 515 (e.g., a sloped pan, a funnel, and/or other object that is configured to capture injectate after it is sprayed). Additionally, FIGS. 19A-19E show that the collected injectate can be strained (e.g., via one or more screens 520, sieves, colanders, paper filters, synthetic filers, meshes, catches, and/or other filters or filtering mechanisms) as it passes from the first collector 515 to a second collector 520 to remove any large debris (e.g., debris over 300 micrometers in size or any other desired size). Furthermore, FIGS. 19A-19E show that, in some embodiments the system 10 further comprises one or more shear blenders, blenders, stators, stator pumps, rotor-stator pumps, positive displacement pumps, rotor pumps, screw pumps, twin screw pumps, liquid ring pumps, piston pumps, circumferential piston pumps, helical rotary lobe pumps, rotary lobe pumps, suction and low pulsation helical lobe pumps, bi-wing lobe pumps, centrifugal pumps, chopper pumps, circulator pumps, cryogenic pumps, multi-stage pumps, diaphragm pumps, and/or other suitable pumps that are configured to mix the injectate and to break up particulate matter. Indeed, in some embodiments, the system 10 comprises a shear blender, such as the FS Shear Blender produced by Fristam Pumps of Middleton Wis., USA, and/or any other entity, which can blend masses in the injectate to produce a homogenous solution with particles of any suitable size (e.g., any size less than about 200 micrometers, such as less than about 80 micrometers).

In some embodiments, once the relatively large particles and/or other masses have been filtered out of the injectate and the injectate has been passed through one or more shear blenders (and/or other suitable mixers) the homogenized, it is pumped and/or otherwise introduced back into the system (e.g., directly into the system, into a holding tank, the injectate tank 15, and/or to any other suitable location).

In still another example of a potential modification, some embodiments of the described system 10 comprise one or more self-cleaning nozzle heads 125. In such embodiments, the nozzle heads can clean themselves in any suitable manner, including, without limitation, by being flushed with one or more rinse and/or cleaning agents (e.g., from the wash apparatus 65 (or elsewhere)), by being placed in an ultrasonic bath, by vibrating (e.g., ultrasonically or otherwise), by contacting and/or by being contacted (e.g., by being sprayed with, dipped in, and/or otherwise coming in contact) with a cleaning and/or rinse agent, and/or in any other suitable manner.

In some embodiments, however, the nozzle head 125 is configured to rinse (and/or otherwise clean) one or more sets of nozzles 50 while another set, or multiple sets, of nozzles are configured to apply injectate to a food product. Thus, in some embodiments, the system 10 can clean a first set of nozzles while a second set is injecting (or otherwise applying) injectate. Similarly, in some embodiments, while the first set of nozzles is spraying injectate, the second set of nozzles can be cleaned. As a result, in some embodiments, the system's nozzles can continually be cleaned, without necessarily taking the system offline and preventing it from treating food products.

Where the nozzle head 125 comprises multiple sets of nozzles 50 and is configured to allow one set of nozzles to apply injectate while another set is being cleaned, the nozzle head can comprise any suitable component or characteristic that allows it to function in such a manner. By way of illustration, FIGS. 16A-16E show some embodiments in which the nozzle head 125 comprises multiple sets of nozzles 50. In particular, while the head can comprise any suitable number of nozzle sets (including, without limitation, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, or more), with a set being one or more nozzles in a given location (e.g., one side of the head, a portion of the head, in one general location, etc.), FIGS. 16C and 16D show some embodiments in which the nozzle head 125 comprises a conduit 300 having a first set 305 and a second set 310 of nozzles 50. Additionally, while FIGS. 16C and 16D show that, in some embodiments, the first 305 and second 310 sets of nozzles 50 are disposed on substantially opposite portions of the conduit, in some other embodiments, the nozzle sets are disposed in any other suitable location that allows the self-cleaning head to function as described herein.

In some embodiments, in which the nozzle head 125 comprises multiple sets of nozzles 50 (e.g., the first 305 and second 310 sets), the head is configured such that when one set of nozzles (e.g., the first set 305) is in a spray position (or a position in which it can apply injectate to a food product), one or more other sets of nozzles (e.g., the second set 310) is in a cleaning position (or a position in which fluid can be passed through such nozzles without being applied to the food product). While the head can be configured to move the various sets of nozzles between the spray and the cleaning position in any suitable manner, including, without limitation, by rotating the conduit, sliding the conduit, translating the conduit, and/or otherwise moving the conduit between the cleaning position and the spray position (or vice versa), FIGS. 16A-16E illustrate some embodiments in which the conduit 300 is configured to rotate between the spray and the cleaning position and vice versa (e.g., via one or more motors, pneumatic actuators, linear actuators, servos, hydraulic actuators, electric actuators, mechanical actuators, air cylinders, and/or other mechanical movement device).

While the nozzle head 125 can function in any suitable manner, FIGS. 16C and 16D show that, in some embodiments, when a nozzle set (e.g., the first 305 or the second 310 set) is in the spray position, injectate is introduced through one or more inlet channels 315 (e.g., in the direction of arrow 320), where it is allowed to be sprayed from the adjoining nozzles 50. Additionally, FIG. 16C shows that, in some embodiments, the nozzle head 125 comprises one or more risers 325 extending from, and in fluid communication with, the channels 315 corresponding to the nozzle set that is in the spray position. In this regard, the risers can comprise any channel, duct, recess, canal, tubing, piping, and/or other feature that allows one or more gases (e.g., air) that are introduced into the nozzle head prior to and/or with the injectate to rise above the injectate in the channel and to be vented out of the nozzle head (e.g., via one or more ducts (such as an duct 335, in the direction of arrow 340), through one or more purge valves 60, by being drained to the injectate tank 15 and/or a drain via one or more drain conduits 165, by being be vented to air, etc.) without being forced through one or more nozzles.

While the risers 325 can be disposed in any suitable location, FIG. 16C shows an embodiment in which the riser 325 is disposed in an endcap 330, which allows the riser to be used to vent air (and/or other gases) from either the first 305 or the second 310 set of nozzles 50 when either set is in the spray position. Thus, in some embodiments, as injectate is introduced into a channel (e.g., inlet channel 315) when a set of nozzles is in the spray position (e.g., the first set 305, as shown in FIG. 16C), air (and/or other gases) that is introduced into the channel can rise above the injectate and be purged from the system. In some embodiments, once air has been purged from the nozzle head 125, the system 10 can function in any suitable manner, including, without limitation, by closing the purge valve 60; by leaving the purge valve open to allow any residual air to escape the heads without passing through the nozzles, with any injectate that passes through purge valve (e.g., without contacting the food product) being redirected to the injectate tank 15; by allowing air to escape the purge value while preventing liquids from also escaping the valve; and/or in another other suitable manner.

FIGS. 16C and 16D further show that, in accordance with some embodiments, when one or more sets of nozzles 50 (e.g., the second set 310, as shown in FIGS. 16C-16D) are in the cleaning position, the system is configured to introduce one or more cleaning and/or rinsing agents into one or more corresponding inlet channels 317 (e.g., in the direction of arrow 349) and to force such agents through the channels and corresponding nozzles. Accordingly, by forcing the fluids through the channels and nozzles (e.g., via the wash apparatus 65 and/or otherwise), the system can remove unwanted debris, mineral build up, and/or other materials from the nozzles. Additionally, while some embodiments of the nozzle head comprise one or more risers that are configured to allow air to be purged from the nozzle set that is in the cleaning position, FIG. 16C shows that, in some embodiments, the system does not comprise a riser for the inlet channel 317 corresponding to the nozzles that are in the cleaning position (e.g., the second set 310 of nozzles 50 in FIG. 16C). As a result, in some embodiments, any cleaning and/or rinsing agents are forced, at any suitable pressure (including, without limitation, between about 50 psi and about 6,000 psi, or any sub-range thereof) to exit the inlet channel of the nozzle set being cleaned through the nozzles, to clean the nozzles.

As mentioned, some embodiments of the system 10 are configured to allow one or more sets of nozzles 50 on the nozzle head 125 to apply injectate to a food product while one or more other sets of nozzles on the head are being cleaned. In such embodiments, the cleaning and/or rinsing agents that are used to clean the nozzles that are in the cleaning agents may be handled in any suitable manner, including, without limitation, by being allowed to be sprayed freely within the cabinet 90, by being directed through a duct away from the food product, and/or in any other suitable manner. By way of non-limiting illustration, FIGS. 16B-16D show that, in some embodiments, a portion of the conduit 300 is received by a sleeve and/or other housing 347 that defines an exit duct 345 and comprises one or more seals 350 between it and the conduit 300 so as to direct any cleaning and/or rinsing agents out of the nozzle head 125 (e.g., in the direction of arrow 355) to a drain, storage tank, and/or to any other suitable location. Accordingly, in some embodiments, the system is configured to allow one set of nozzles of a nozzle head to inject and/or otherwise apply injectate into a food product, while another set of nozzles on the same head are being cleaned, without exposing the food product to the cleaning and/or rinsing agent.

One or more sets of nozzles 50 of the nozzle head 125 can be cleaned at any suitable time, including, without limitation, at a time directed by a user, an administrator, the processing unit 75, and/or at any other suitable time. In some embodiments, however, the system is configured to clean a set of nozzles after a particular amount of usage time, after a certain amount of fluid has passed through the nozzles, as the system determines that one or more nozzles have become at least partially occluded (e.g., by comparing pressure readings from a pressure gauge in fluid communication with the head (e.g., pressure sensor 62 shown in FIG. 15 ) with pressure readings from one or more other pressure gauges in the system (e.g., gauges 40, 42, 44, 46, etc.)), and as the system otherwise determines appropriate. Thus, in some embodiments, the system itself may determine when a set of nozzles should be cleaned. Moreover, in some such embodiments, the system can clean the nozzle sets without substantially impacting the system's ability to treat food product.

As another example of a suitable modification, FIGS. 17A-17F show that, in some embodiments, a single head comprises 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, or more sets (e.g., 360, 365, 370, etc.) of nozzles 50. Additionally, while each set of nozzles can comprise one or more of its own risers 325 and/or ducts 335, FIGS. 17B-17F show some embodiments in which the head 125 is configured to act as a manifold that allows air to be purged from head through one or more shared risers 325 and ducts 335.

As yet another example of a suitable modification, in some cases, after a food product 200 receives injectate from a nozzle 50, the described method is further configured to pass the food product through a bath, cascade, waterfall, curtain, dip, spray, powder, stream, breading, rub, coating, and/or other application method that is configured to coat, bread, fill holes in, color, preserve, flavor, and/or otherwise treat the food product.

As even another example of a suitable modification, some embodiments of the system 10 comprise one or more automated hoods, covers, doors, and/or other objects. Indeed, in some embodiments, a lid 211 of the cabinet is configured to be opened and closed by one or more motors, pistons, and/or other suitable actuators.

In still another example of a modification, in some embodiments, the system 10 comprises one or more mixing vessels and/or feed vessels. In this regard, such vessels can perform any suitable function (including, without limitation, to mix, store, and/or feed injectate to a desired location) and be disposed in any suitable location (including, without limitation, in the injectate tank 15, in the cabinet 90, in separate vessels, and/or any other suitable location). Indeed, in some embodiments, the mixing vessel and/or the feed vessel allow relatively small batches to be mixed (e.g., via any suitable high shear mixer, low shear mixer, blender, paddle, stirrer, magnetic stirrer, vibrator, and/or other suitable mixing mechanism) and then fed to one or more nozzles 50.

As yet another example of a suitable modification, FIGS. 18A and 18B show some embodiments in which the spray nozzle head 125 comprises one or more elongated conduits that define one or more risers 325 to allow air to rise above injectate in the head and to be vented (e.g., in the direction of arrow 340) from the system (e.g., via one or more ducts 335, purge valves 60, drain lines 165, etc.).

As even another example of a suitable modification, the described system 10 can be modified in any suitable manner, including, without limitation, by changing the size and/or design of the cabinet 90 (e.g., as shown FIGS. 21A-21C and/or in any other suitable manner), by changing the layout and electrical format of the system (e.g., as shown in FIGS. 22A-22E and/or in any other suitable manner), and/or in any other suitable manner.

In one non-limiting example, FIG. 22A shows that, in some embodiments, the system comprises a mix skid (and/or any other suitable component) that is configured to be used to mix injectate. Once the injectate is produced, FIG. 22A shows that it can be sent to a supply device (e.g., the injectate tank 15), where its temperature can be cooled and its level can be monitored (e.g., such that new injectate can be automatically generated on demand). FIG. 22A then shows that the injectate can be sent to the injector, where it can be applied to food products. That drawing further shows that runoff injectate can be collected, run through a mixer and/or blender, and then be returned to the supply device for recirculation through the system. The following tables identify various portions of the systems shown in FIG. 22A and FIG. 22B-22E:

FIG. 22A No. Element 600 MIX SKID 602 POWDER IN 605 CUSTOMER-CHILLED WATER 610 MIX TANK, 80-GALLON 615 MIX DUMP HAND VALVE 620 POWDER IN HAND VALVE 625 SHEAR PUMP 630 BATCH CONTROL HAND VALVE 634 SUPPLY SKID 635 SUPPLY TANK, 80-GALLON 640 LEVEL SENSOR 645 TEMPERATURE SENSOR 650 MANUAL PRESSURE GAUGE 655 CENTRIFUGAL PUMP 660 CUSTOMER GLYCOL IN 665 HEAT EXCHANGER 670 CUSTOMER GLYCOL OUT 675 WANNER INJECTION PUMP 679 S1000 INJECTOR 680 PRESSURE FEEDBACK SENSOR 685 ER5000 690 BACK PRESSURE REGULATOR AIR DOME 700 PURGE/RETURN VALVE 705 SPRAY BAR 710 RUNOFF 715 MAIN INJECTION VALVES 720 DRIP PAN 725 BEEZEE SCREEN 730 RECLAIM TANK, 45 = GALLON 735 LEVEL SENSOR 740 SHEAR BLENDER

FIGS. 22B-22E No. Element 745 DRY CABINET 747 PLANT 480VAC POWER SUPPLY 750 MOUNTED POWER SWITCH 755 480VAC BREAKER 760 480VAC TO 120VAC TRANSFORMER 765 120VAC FUSES 770 COOLER THERMOSTAT 775 COOLER AIR VALVE 780 NEMA 5 OUTLET 785 480VAC FUSES 790 120VAC TO 24VDC TRANSFORMER 795 POSITIVE HOOD LIMIT SWITCH 800 NEGATIVE HOOD LIMIT SWITCH 805 24V RELAY 810 SAFETY RELAY 815 PANEL TERMINAL BLOCK 820 PLC 825 PWR 830 ANALOG OUT X2 ANY 835 ANALOG IN X8 ANY 840 DIGITAL OUT X16 RELAYS 845 DIGITAL IN X16 120VAC 850 RTD IN X6 855 ETHERNET SWITCH 860 5 HP VFD 865 CRADLEPOINT 870 SHEAR BLENDER 875 ANTENNAE 880 LEVEL SENSOR 885 1 HP VFD HOOD 890 HOOD LINEAR ACTUATOR 895 1 HP VFD W/ SERVO ENCODER 900 PANEL TERMINAL BLOCK 905 PANEL TERMINAL BLOCK 908 STRONG ARM 910 ESTOP BUTTON 915 HMI 920 ESTOP BUTTON 923 WET CABINET 925 CABLE GLAND 930 CABLE GLAND 935 SOLENOID MASTER STATION 940 CABLE GLAND 945 CABLE GLAND 950 CABLE GLAND 955 CABLE GLAND 960 FIELDBUS STATION BLCEN 965 PRESSURE SENSOR 970 SS GLAND 975 ER5000 REGULATOR 980 SS GLAND 985 INTERROLL MOTOR ENCODER 24 V DC 990 INTERROLL MOTOR POWER 2.5 A 480 V 3 PHASE 993 MIX SKID 995 PLANT 480VAC POWER SUPPLY 1000 ENCLOSURE POWER SWITCH 1005 START BUTTON 1010 STOP BUTTON 1015 SHEAR PUMP 1020 5 HP STARTER 1025 480VAC FUSES 1030 480VAC BREAKER 1035 TEMP SENSOR 1040 LEVEL SENSOR 1045 SS GLAND 1050 FIELDBUS STATION TBEN 1053 SUPPLY SKID 1055 MOUNTED POWER SWITCH 1060 480VAC BREAKER 1065 480VAC FUSES 1070 SS GLAND 1075 PANEL TERMINAL BLOCK 1080 SAFETY RELAY 1085 ESTOP BUTTON 1090 ETHERNET SWITCH 1095 ½ HP VFD 1100 30 HP VFD 1105 WANNER PUMP 1110 CENTRIFUGAL PUMP 1115 PLANT 480VAC POWER SUPPLY 1120 KEY 1125 ETHERNET CABLE 1130 4-CONDUCTOR 480V 3∅ 1135 1-CONDUCTOR 120VAC ESTOP 1140 2-CONDUCTOR 24V DC 1145 2-CONDUCTOR 4-20 MA 1150 2-CONDUCTOR 120VAC 1155 #-CONDUCTOR COMBINATION

In addition to the aforementioned features, the described food treatment system 10 can comprise any other suitable feature. Indeed, in some embodiments, the described system is able to inject injectate into a food product without ever having the nozzles 50 touch (and potentially contaminate) the food product.

In another example, in some embodiments of the system, the injectate comprises liquid nitrogen. In this example, the liquid nitrogen can be used to freeze or chill a food item from the inside out.

In another example, some embodiments of the described system are configured in such a manner that the penetration depth of the injectate into a food item is adjustable. For instance, in some embodiments in which the food item comprises a fillet of fish, the system can be configured to inject the injectate into the fish through the cut surface, without penetrating the fish's skin that covers the opposing side of the fillet.

In still another example, in some embodiments, the described system 10 is configured to inject fluid (e.g., injectate and/or any other suitable material) into a food product to increase the weight of (e.g., pump up) such product. In this regard, the system can increase the weight of a food product through injection by any suitable amount, including, without limitation, by between about 0.01% and about 45%, or by any sub-range thereof. Indeed, in some embodiments, the system is configured to inject injectate into a food product to increase the weight of the food product by between about 1% and about 22% (e.g., by about 15%±5% (or any other amount between about 0.01% and about 45%)).

In still another example, although some conventional systems for tenderizing food products inject injectate through the use of one or more needles, which can significantly damage the food product, some embodiments of the described systems and methods that inject injectate into a food product without the use of needles that penetrate into the food product, cause little to no damage to the food product. Accordingly, some embodiments of the described systems and methods are configured to waste less food product than are some conventional systems.

The described food treatment system 10 can comprise any suitable materials that allow it to function as intended. Indeed, in some embodiments, the food treatment system comprises one or more metals, plastics, types of glass, ceramics, synthetic materials, types of fiberglass, polymers, natural materials, and/or other suitable materials. Indeed, in some embodiments, one or more of the nozzle heads 125 comprise stainless steel.

The described food treatment system 10 can also be made in any suitable manner. In this regard, some non-limiting examples of methods for making the described food treatment system include, cutting, folding, bending, molding, shaping, extruding, connecting various pieces with one or more adhesives, mechanical fasteners (e.g., clamps, rivets, crimps, pins, brads, nails, staples, pegs, clips, threaded attachments, couplers, etc.), welding pieces together, connecting pieces together, and/or any other suitable method that allows the described food treatment system to perform its intended functions.

Representative Operating Environment

The described systems and methods can be used with or in any suitable operating environment and/or software. In this regard, FIG. 23 and the corresponding discussion are intended to provide a general description of a suitable operating environment in accordance with some embodiments of the described systems and methods. As will be further discussed below, some embodiments embrace the use of one or more processing (including, without limitation, micro-processing) units in a variety of customizable enterprise configurations, including in a networked configuration, which may also include any suitable cloud-based service, such as a platform as a service or software as a service.

Some embodiments of the described systems and methods embrace one or more computer readable media, wherein each medium may be configured to include or includes thereon data or computer executable instructions for manipulating data. The computer executable instructions include data structures, objects, programs, routines, or other program modules that may be accessed by one or more processors, such as one associated with a general-purpose processing unit capable of performing various different functions or one associated with a special-purpose processing unit capable of performing a limited number of functions. In this regard, in some embodiments, the processing unit 75 (described above) comprises a specialized processing unit that is configured for use with the described system 10.

Computer executable instructions cause the one or more processors of the enterprise to perform a particular function or group of functions and are examples of program code means for implementing steps for methods of processing. Furthermore, a particular sequence of the executable instructions provides an example of corresponding acts that may be used to implement such steps.

Examples of computer readable media (including non-transitory computer readable media) include random-access memory (“RAM”), read-only memory (“ROM”), programmable read-only memory (“PROM”), erasable programmable read-only memory (“EPROM”), electrically erasable programmable read-only memory (“EEPROM”), compact disk read-only memory (“CD-ROM”), or any other device or component that is capable of providing data or executable instructions that may be accessed by a processing unit.

With reference to FIG. 23 , a representative system includes computer device 400 (e.g., a digital ratings device or other unit), which may be a general-purpose or special-purpose computer (e.g., processing unit 75). For example, computer device 400 may be a personal computer, a notebook computer, a PDA or other hand-held device, a workstation, a digital pen, a digital ratings device, a digital ratings device dock, a digital ratings device controller, a minicomputer, a mainframe, a supercomputer, a multi-processor system, a network computer, a processor-based consumer device, a cellular phone, a tablet computer, a smart phone, a feature phone, a smart appliance or device, a control system, or the like.

Computer device 400 includes system bus 405, which may be configured to connect various components thereof and enables data to be exchanged between two or more components. System bus 405 may include one of a variety of bus structures including a memory bus or memory controller, a peripheral bus, or a local bus that uses any of a variety of bus architectures. Typical components connected by system bus 405 include processing system 410 and memory 420. Other components may include one or more mass storage device interfaces 430, input interfaces 440, output interfaces 450, and/or network interfaces 460, each of which will be discussed below.

Processing system 410 includes one or more processors, such as a central processor and optionally one or more other processors designed to perform a particular function or task. It is typically processing system 410 that executes the instructions provided on computer readable media, such as on the memory 420, a magnetic hard disk, a removable magnetic disk, a magnetic cassette, an optical disk, or from a communication connection, which may also be viewed as a computer readable medium.

Memory 420 includes one or more computer readable media (including, without limitation, non-transitory computer readable media) that may be configured to include or includes thereon data or instructions for manipulating data, and may be accessed by processing system 410 through system bus 405. Memory 420 may include, for example, ROM 422, used to permanently store information, and/or RAM 424, used to temporarily store information. ROM 422 may include a basic input/output system (“BIOS”) having one or more routines that are used to establish communication, such as during start-up of computer device 400. RAM 424 may include one or more program modules, such as one or more operating systems, application programs, and/or program data.

One or more mass storage device interfaces 430 may be used to connect one or more mass storage devices 432 to the system bus 405. The mass storage devices 432 may be incorporated into or may be peripheral to the computer device 400 and allow the computer device 400 to retain large amounts of data. Optionally, one or more of the mass storage devices 432 may be removable from computer device 400. Examples of mass storage devices include hard disk drives, magnetic disk drives, tape drives, solid state mass storage, and optical disk drives.

Examples of solid state mass storage include flash cards and memory sticks. A mass storage device 432 may read from and/or write to a magnetic hard disk, a removable magnetic disk, a magnetic cassette, an optical disk, or another computer readable medium. Mass storage devices 432 and their corresponding computer readable media provide nonvolatile storage of data and/or executable instructions that may include one or more program modules, such as an operating system, one or more application programs, other program modules, or program data. Such executable instructions are examples of program code means for implementing steps for methods disclosed herein.

One or more input interfaces 440 may be employed to enable a user to enter data (e.g., initial information) and/or instructions to computer device 400 through one or more corresponding input devices 442. Examples of such input devices include a keyboard and/or alternate input devices, such as a digital camera, a sensor, bar code scanner, debit/credit card reader, signature and/or writing capture device, pin pad, touch screen, mouse, trackball, light pen, stylus, or other pointing device, a microphone, a joystick, a game pad, a scanner, a camcorder, and/or other input devices. Similarly, examples of input interfaces 440 that may be used to connect the input devices 442 to the system bus 405 include a serial port, a parallel port, a game port, a universal serial bus (“USB”), a firewire (IEEE 1394), a wireless receiver, a video adapter, an audio adapter, a parallel port, a wireless transmitter, or another interface.

One or more output interfaces 450 may be employed to connect one or more corresponding output devices 452 to system bus 405. Examples of output devices include a monitor or display screen, a speaker, a wireless transmitter, a printer, and the like. A particular output device 452 may be integrated with or peripheral to computer device 400. Examples of output interfaces include a video adapter, an audio adapter, a parallel port, and the like.

One or more network interfaces 460 enable computer device 400 to exchange information with one or more local or remote computer devices, illustrated as computer devices 462, via a network 464 that may include one or more hardwired and/or wireless links. Examples of the network interfaces include a network adapter for connection to a local area network (“LAN”) or a modem, a wireless link, or another adapter for connection to a wide area network (“WAN”), such as the Internet. The network interface 460 may be incorporated with or be peripheral to computer device 400.

In a networked system, accessible program modules or portions thereof may be stored in a remote memory storage device. Furthermore, in a networked system computer device 400 may participate in a distributed computing environment, where functions or tasks are performed by a plurality networked computer devices. While those skilled in the art will appreciate that the described systems and methods may be practiced in networked computing environments with many types of computer system configurations, FIG. 24 represents an embodiment of a portion of the described systems in a networked environment that includes clients (465, 470, 475, etc.) connected to a server 485 via a network 460. While FIG. 24 illustrates an embodiment that includes 3 clients (e.g., digital ratings devices, etc.) connected to the network, alternative embodiments include at least one client connected to a network or many clients connected to a network. Moreover, embodiments in accordance with the described systems and methods also include a multitude of clients throughout the world connected to a network, where the network is a wide area network, such as the Internet. Accordingly, in some embodiments, the described systems and methods can allow for remote monitoring, observation, adjusting, trouble shooting, data collecting, system optimizing, and/or other controlling of the system 10 from many places throughout the world.

Thus, as discussed herein, embodiments of the present invention embrace food treatments. More particularly, some embodiments of the described invention relate to systems and methods for injecting (and/or otherwise applying) an injectate to a food product to: tenderize, limit microbial growth in (or provide intervention to), color, flavor, pump up, and/or otherwise treat the food product. Moreover, while the described systems and methods can include any suitable component, in some cases, they include an injectate reservoir, a filter, a first pump configured to force injectate from the injectate reservoir through the filter, a nozzle that is configured to inject injectate into a food product without having the nozzle contact the food, and a valve that is configured to selectively open and close to regulate when and how much of the injectate that passes through the filter is forced out of the nozzle. In some embodiments, the described system further includes a chiller configured to cool injectate in the reservoir, a sensor to determine a distance between the nozzle and the food item, an actuator configured to move the nozzle, and/or a computer processor that controls an amount of injectate sprayed from the nozzle.

The present invention may be embodied in other specific forms without departing from its spirit or essential characteristics. The described embodiments, examples, and illustrations are to be considered in all respects only as illustrative and not restrictive. The scope of the invention is, therefore, indicated by the appended claims rather than by the foregoing description. All changes that come within the meaning and range of equivalency of the claims are to be embraced within their scope. In addition, as the terms on, disposed on, attached to, connected to, coupled to, etc. are used herein, one object (e.g., a material, element, structure, member, etc.) can be on, disposed on, attached to, connected to, or coupled to another object—regardless of whether the one object is directly on, attached, connected, or coupled to the other object, or whether there are one or more intervening objects between the one object and the other object. Also, directions (e.g., front back, on top of, below, above, top, bottom, side, up, down, under, over, upper, lower, lateral, etc.), if provided, are relative and provided solely by way of example and for ease of illustration and discussion and not by way of limitation. Where reference is made to a list of elements (e.g., elements a, b, c), such reference is intended to include any one of the listed elements by itself, any combination of less than all of the listed elements, and/or a combination of all of the listed elements. Furthermore, as used herein, the terms a, an, and one may each be interchangeable with the terms at least one and one or more. 

What is claimed is:
 1. A needleless spray nozzle head that is configured to spray and inject injectade into a food product without requiring the needleless spray nozzle head to contact the food product, wherein the needleless spray nozzle head comprises an elongated member having a plurality of fluid channels that extend from a first end to a second end of the elongated member, the second end being disposed opposite to the first end, wherein the needleless spray nozzle head comprises a first manifold portion, wherein each of the plurality of fluid channels has at least one needleless nozzle, wherein each of the plurality of fluid channels is in fluid communication with the at least one needleless nozzle and the first manifold portion, wherein the first manifold portion forms a cap at the first end of the elongated member and is configured to receive a first flow of the injectade at the first end of the elongated member, to help divide the first flow of the injectade, and to direct a portion of the first flow of the injectade from the first end of the elongated member into each of the plurality of channels, and wherein a longitudinal axis of each of the plurality of fluid channels runs substantially perpendicular to a longitudinal axis of the at least one needleless nozzle.
 2. The needleless spray nozzle head of claim 1, further comprising a second manifold portion, and wherein each of the plurality of fluid channels is in fluid communication with the first manifold portion and the second manifold portion, and wherein the second manifold portion is configured to receive a second inflow of the injectade and to direct a portion of the second inflow of the injectade to each of the plurality of fluid channels.
 3. The needleless spray nozzle head of claim 2, wherein the first manifold portion is configured to direct the portion of the first inflow of the injectade towards a second end of the elongated member, and wherein the second manifold portion is configured to direct the portion of the second inflow of the injectade towards a first end of the elongated member.
 4. The needleless spray nozzle head of claim 2, wherein the elongated member, the first manifold portion, and the second manifold portion comprise three discrete components that are coupled together to form the needleless spray nozzle head.
 5. The needleless spray nozzle head of claim 2, wherein the first manifold portion is configured to direct the portion of the first inflow of the injectade towards a second end of the elongated member, and wherein the second manifold portion is configured to direct the portion of the second inflow of the injectade towards the first end of the elongated member.
 6. The needleless spray nozzle head of claim 1, wherein each of the plurality of fluid channels is fixed in location within the elongated member of the needleless spray nozzle head.
 7. The needleless spray nozzle head of claim 1, wherein a length of each of the plurality of fluid channels runs parallel to a length of another one of the plurality of fluid channels.
 8. The needleless spray nozzle head of claim 1, wherein the needleless spray nozzle head is part of a system that comprises a sensor that is configured to determine a distance between a portion of the food product and the needleless spray nozzle head, and wherein the system is configured to automatically change the distance between the portion of the food product and the needleless spray nozzle head based on feedback from the sensor.
 9. The needleless spray nozzle head of claim 1, wherein the elongated member comprises a solid bar defining the plurality of fluid channels.
 10. The needleless spray nozzle head of claim 1, wherein the second manifold portion caps and is selectively coupled to a second end of the elongated member, and wherein the second manifold portion is configured to receive a second flow of the injectade and to divide the second flow of the injectade into each of the plurality of channels.
 11. The needleless spray nozzle head of claim 1, wherein the first manifold portion is disposed at a first end of the elongated member, and wherein a riser is disposed at a second end of the elongated member, the riser being configured to vent air from the needleless spray nozzle head.
 12. The needleless spray nozzle head of claim 11, further comprising a duct that is in fluid communication with the riser, and wherein the duct extends from the riser and extends back to the first end of the elongated member.
 13. A needleless spray nozzle head that is configured to inject injectade into a food product without having the needleless spray nozzle head contact the food product; wherein the needleless spray nozzle head comprises an elongated member that defines multiple internal fluid channels, wherein the internal fluid channels extend from a first end portion to a second end portion of the needleless spray nozzle head, wherein the needleless spray nozzle head comprises a first manifold portion at the first end portion and a second manifold portion at the second end portion of the needleless spray nozzle head, wherein the first manifold portion is configured to direct a first amount of the injectade towards the second end portion, wherein the second manifold portion is configured to direct a second amount of the injectade towards the first end portion, and wherein each of the internal fluid channels is in fluid communication with the first manifold portion, the second manifold portion, and multiple needleless nozzles.
 14. The needleless spray nozzle head of claim 13, wherein the needleless spray nozzle head is coupled to a system that comprises a sensor that is configured to determine a distance between a portion of the food product and the needleless spray nozzle head, and wherein the system is configured to automatically change the distance between the portion of the food product and the needleless spray nozzle head and to automatically control flow of the injectade through the needleless spray nozzle head based on feedback from the sensor.
 15. The needleless spray nozzle head of claim 13, wherein the elongated member defines at least three internal fluid channels, and wherein a longitudinal axis of each of the at least three internal fluid channels extend along a common plane.
 16. The needleless spray nozzle head of claim 13, wherein each of the internal fluid channels is fixed in location within the elongated member.
 17. A needleless spray nozzle head that is configured to receive injectade from a pump and to expel the injectade at a pressure that pierces into a food product and injects the injectade into the food product without requiring the needleless spray nozzle head to contact the food product, wherein the needleless spray nozzle head comprises an elongated needleless spray bar that defines multiple internal fluid channels that extend from a first end to a second end of the elongated needleless spray bar, wherein the needleless spray nozzle head comprises a manifold system with a first manifold portion at the first end and a second manifold portion at the second end of the elongated needleless spray bar, wherein the first manifold portion is configured to direct a first portion of the injectade towards the second end of the elongated needleless spray bar, wherein the second manifold portion is configured to direct a second portion of the injectade towards the first end of the elongated needleless spray bar, wherein a location of each of the internal fluid channels is fixed within the elongated needleless spray bar, and wherein each of the internal fluid channels is in fluid communication with the first manifold portion, the second manifold portion, and a plurality of needleless nozzles.
 18. The needleless spray nozzle head of claim 17, wherein the elongated needleless spray bar defines at least three internal fluid channels.
 19. The needleless spray nozzle head of claim 18, wherein a length of each of the at least three internal fluid channels each run parallel with another length of at least one of the at least three internal fluid channels.
 20. The needleless spray nozzle head of claim 18, wherein a longitudinal axis of each of the at least three internal fluid channels extend along a common plane. 